Hormonal Control Flashcards
What are the enzymes involved in regulation of glycogen metabolism?
- Glycogen synthase
- Glycogen phosphorylase
What is the effect of insulin on glycogen synthase?
Activates it
What is the effect of insulin on glycogen phosphorylase?
It inhibits it
What is the effect of adrenaline and glucagon on glycogen synthase?
They inhibit it
What is the effect of adrenaline and glucagon on glycogen phosphorylase?
They activate it
What allosterically activates glycogen synthase?
Glucose and G6 phosphate
What allosterically inhibits glycogen phosphorylase?
Glucose and G6P
In the muscle what activates glycogen phosphorylase?
Ca2+ and AMP
What is signal transduction?
What is the effect of insulin on lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation?
Inhibits it
What are the two classes of G protein?
- Heteromeric
- Monomeric
What is the other name for monomeric GTPases?
Small G proteins
What enzyme switches on small G proteins?
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Which enzyme inactivates small G proteins?
GTPase activating protein
What is the effect of GTPase activating protein?
They speed up the intrinsic GTP hydrolysis of monomeric G proteins
What is protein phosphorylation?
A covalent modification of side chains by addition of a phosphate group
On what amino acids can phosphorylation occur on?
- Serine
- Threonine
- Tyrosine
Why can serine, threonine, and tryosine be phosphorylation?
They have free hydroxyl groups
What is the specificity of kinases?
Highly specific
What are the 2 main classes of kinases?
- Serine/threonine protein kinases
- Tyrosine kinases
How do kinases and phosphatases differ in their specificity?
