hormonal communication Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hormones

A

signalling molecules screted by endocrine glands

are secreted directly into the blood

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2
Q

what are endocrine glands

A

groups of cells that are specialised to secrete hormones

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3
Q

What are adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands that are found above the kidney

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4
Q

What is the adrenal gland composed of

A

Medulla (inner part)

Cortex (outer part)

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5
Q

What does the cortex do

A

secretes cortisol and aldosterone

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6
Q

What are the effects of cortisol and aldosterone

A

stimulates breakdown of proteins and fats into glucose

increasing blood volume and pressure by increasing uptake of sodium ions by kidney

supressing immune system

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7
Q

What does the medulla do

A

secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline

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8
Q

What are the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

increases heart rate and breathing rate

which causes cells to break down glycogen into glucose

constricts some blood vessels so that blood is diverted to brain and muscles

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9
Q

describe the pancrease

A

found below stomach

the bits of the pancreases that have endocrine tissue is called islets of Langerhans

these are found in clusters in capillaries

islets of Langerhans secrets hormones directly into blood

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10
Q

What are the islets of Langerhans made of

A

Alpha cells

Beta cells

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11
Q

What do alpha cells do

A

Secrete glucagon

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12
Q

What do beta cells do

A

Secrete insulin

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