Horen

Question 1

Wat is een tonotopische organisatie?

Answer 1

Het principe dat geluiden die dicht bij elkaar liggen qua frequentie, in het brein verwerkt worden door neuronen die dicht bij elkaar liggen (als een piano)

Question 2

Waar staat HRTF voor?

Answer 2

Hoofdgerelateerde transferfunctie, het interne model van de manier waarop geluiden verstoord worden door de unieke vorm van het eigen hoofd en oren (dat maakt dat je geluid op een bepaalde manier hoort en dat het anders is voor iedereen)

Question 3

Wat is auditieve stroomsegregatie?

Answer 3

Scheiding van een complex auditief signaal in verschillende bronnen of auditieve objecten

Question 4

Wat is de sparse scanning methode?

Answer 4

fMRI-methode waarbij het scannen kort wordt onderbroken om geluidstimuli aan te kunnen bieden (MRI is anders te luid en dan verstoord het wat je wil testen)

Question 5

Wat doet het planum temporale?

Answer 5

Het is een deel van de auditieve cortex dat auditieve informatie integreert met niet auditieve informatie

Question 6

Wat zijn allofonen?

Answer 6

Verschillende gesproken/akoestische varianten van hetzelfde foneem

Question 7

Wat is de Acruate Fasciculus?

Answer 7

Bundel van zenuwbanden (witte stof) ie het temporoparëtale gebied in de hersenen verbindt met de frontale lobben

Question 8

Wat is de articulaire loop?

Answer 8

Onderdeel van het opslagsysteem van het kortetermijngeheugen voor verbale info (net als phonologische loop). De phonologische “memory store” kan spraak/akoestische info 2 seconden opslaan. Als je vervolgens niks doet met deze informatie, vervaagt het weer. Maar door deze info te subvoculair te herhalen (inner speech), kun je deze info wel opslaan. Dat is de articulaire loop

Question 9

What is pitch?

Answer 9

The perceived property of sounds that enables them to be ordered from low to high. Measured in Hertz, vibrations per second

Question 10

Which sound frequencies do humans respond to?

Answer 10

Between 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz (physical)

Question 11

What is another word for loudness, and what is it? What is the loudness of average speech?

Answer 11

Amplitude, the perceived intensity of sound in decibels. Average speech is 65 dB

Question 12

What is the fundamental frequency (f0)?

Answer 12

The lowest frequency component of a complex sound that determines the perceived pitch

Question 13

What is the missing fundamental phenomenon?

Answer 13

If the fundamental frequency (f0) of a complex sound is removed, then the pitch is not perceived to change (the brain reinstates it)

Question 14

What is timbre?

Answer 14

Psychological characteristic of a sound, the perceptual quality of a sound enables us to distinguish between different musical instruments

Question 15

What is the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 15

The main cortical area to receive auditory-based thalamic input

Question 16

What is the inter-aural time difference?

Answer 16

The difference in timing between a sound arriving in each ear (used to localize sounds, if it’s in the right ear earlier than the left, then the brain knows that the sound comes from the right)

Question 17

What is the inter-aural intensity difference?

Answer 17

The difference in loudness between a sound arriving in each ear (used to localize sounds)

Question 18

What does MMN stand for?

Answer 18

Mismatch negativity, an ERP (event-related potential) component that occurs when an auditory stimulus deviates from previously presented auditory stimuli. Begins 100-200 ms after the deviating stimulus begins. Also seen in coma patients.

Question 19

What is amusia?

Answer 19

An auditory agnosia in which music perception is affected more than the perception of other sounds

Question 20

What is congenital amusia?

Answer 20

Difficulty in perceiving pitch relationships, from birth. Also known as tone-deafness

Question 21

What is pure word deafness?

Answer 21

Type of auditory agnosia in which patients are able to identify environmental sounds and music but not speech

Question 22

What is the McGurk illusion?

Answer 22

A person says one thing (baba), the visual lip movements say another thing (gaga), the person perceives a third syllable (dada). A fusion of mismatching heard speech and seen speech.

Question 23

What is allocentric coding?

Answer 23

Type of spacial coding required to locate a sound in actual geometric space (focused on the external environment)

Question 24

What is the medial geniculate nucleus/body?

Answer 24

Part of the auditory thalamus, thalamic relay between inferior colliculus and auditory cortex