Geheugen Flashcards
What is the difference between short term memory, long term memory and working memory?
STM: memory for information currently held in mind, it has limited capacity
LTM: memory for info that is stored but need not be consciously accessible; it has an essentially unlimited capacity
WM: a temporary storage and manipulation of information
What does articulatory supression do?
The memory span is reduced. Silently mouthing words while performing a memory task influences it negatively
What are two types of declarative memory and what do they do? How else can you call it?
Explicit memory
Declarative memory: memories that can be consciously accessed
–> Semantic memory: conceptually based knowledge about the world, including knowledge of people, places, the meaning of objects and words.
–> Episodic memory: memory of specific events in one’s own life.
What is classical conditioning?
Pavlov; een geconditioneers stimulus (eten) wordt tegelijk aangeboden met een ongeconditioneers stimulus (bel)
What is the difference between anterograde memory and retrograde memory?
AM: memory for events that have occurred after brain damage
RM: memory for events that occurred before brain damage
What are 6 symptoms of amnesia? What is the biggest deficit?
Amnesia is a deficit in declarative memory
1. Impaired on episodic memory
2. Short term memory is spared
3. Procedural memory seems to be spared (improving possible)
4. Perceptual priming is spared (recalling first word previously shown)
5. Semantic memories may be acquired (but at a slower rate)
6. Damage in the medial temporal cortex
What is non-declarative memory and what are two other ways to call it?
Non-expilicit memory
NDM: memories that cannot be consciously accessed
Procedural memory: memory for skills such as riding a bike. Basal ganglia are important for the learning of procedural skills and habits
What is consolidation?
The process by which moment-to-moment changes in brain activity are translated into permanent structural changes in the brain (forming new neural connections)
What is Ribot’s law?
The observation that memories from early in life tend to be preserved in amnesia (temporal gradient). Hoe ouder de gebeurtenis, hoe meer die geconsolideerd is, minder afhankelijk van hippocampus
What are place cells?
Neurons that respond when an animal is in a particular location in allocentric space (normally found in the hippocampus)
What are grid cells?
Neurons that respond when an animal is in a particular location, they respond to multiple locations within a repeating, triangular grid-like structure
What is the recognition memory test and what does it test?
Participants must decide whether a stimulus was shown on a particular occasion.
It tests recollection: context-dependent memory that involves remembering specific information from the study episode
What is the levels-of-processing account?
Information that is processed semantically is more likely to be remembered than info that is processed perceptually
What is the encoding specificity hypothesis?
Events are easier to remember when the context at retrieval is similar to the context at encoding (recall is better if learning and testing are in the same location, on land/under water test)
What is retrieval-induced forgetting?
Remembering something causes active inhibition of similar competing memories (remembring where you parked your car today might make you forget where you parked it on other days)
