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Parasitology > Hookworms > Flashcards

Hookworms Flashcards

1
Q

where do hookworms live in the body

A

small intestine

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2
Q

true or false:
hookworms have teeth

A

true

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3
Q

how are hookworms introduced into the body

A

skin penetration
ingestion of infective eggs

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4
Q

what is the most pathogenic and important species of hookworm of the dog

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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5
Q

which species of hookworm is highly zoonotic

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

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6
Q

true or false:
A. caninum is the most prevalent nematode of dogs

A

true

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7
Q

true or false:
A. tubaeforme is the most pathogenic hookworm species

A

false
A. caninum is the most pathogenic hookworm

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8
Q

what animal is often the host of A. tubaeforme

A

cat

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9
Q

true or false:
cats can give kittens A. tubaeforme through a transmammary infection

A

false
ingestion and skin penetration are the only ways of transmission

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10
Q

what is the main transmission route of A. braziliense

A

skin penetration

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11
Q

true or false:
there is major concern with zoonotic transmission of Ancylostoma braziliense

A

true

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12
Q

what can Ancylostoma braziliense cause in humans

A

CLM

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13
Q

what is known as the “northern hookworm”

A

Uncinaria stenocephala

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14
Q

true or false:
Uncinaria stencephala is the second most pathogenic species of hookworm

A

false
it is the least pathogenic species

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15
Q

how do the eggs of U. stenocephala differ from other hookworm eggs

A

eggs are larger

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16
Q

what species is the host of Bunostomum spp

A

ruminants

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17
Q

what are forms of infection of Bunostomum spp

A

ingestion from environment
skin penetration

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18
Q

what are the transmission modes of Ancylostoma caninum

A

transmammary
percutaneous
oral
paratenic host

19
Q

what is a contributing factor to the prevalence of hookworm increasing again

A

drug resistance in hookworms

20
Q

true or false:
the mode of transmission of A. caninum has important clinical implications and thus is important to understand

A

true

21
Q

true or false:
if A. caninum is ingested, there is no migration out of the GIT

A

true

22
Q

how long does it take for a dog to pass A. caninum eggs

A

2-3 weeks

23
Q

after skin penetration of A. caninum, where does A. caninum go

A

into blood vessels – heart –>
1) lungs in young dogs
2) somatic locations in immune dogs

24
Q

where does A. caninum like to develop

A

small intestine

25
Q

true or false:
hookworms that infect immune dogs via skin penetration become hypobiotic in the muscle tissue

A

true

26
Q

true or false:
you would expect to see hookworms in an adult dogs small intestine

A

false
most adult dogs have no hookworms in their intestines

27
Q

although A. caninum can be hypobiotic in somatic tissues, how does it become re-activated

A

hormonal changes / pregnancy
immune suppression / malnutrition

28
Q

what occurs when some adult dogs have a slow leak of somatic larvae into their intestines

A

larval leak

29
Q

in what group of dogs is larval leak becoming more prevalent

A

dogs infected with multidrug resistant worms

30
Q

in order for a puppy to be infected by the transmammary route, how must the bitch be infected in the first place (route of infection)

A

skin penetration – the worm would be in the somatic tissue and not the intestines this way

31
Q

what are the clinical signs of hookworm

A

anemia
dark-tarry stools (melena)
diarrhetic feces with mucous / blood
weight loss
poor hair coat

32
Q

true or false:
hook worms promote continuous blood loss by secreting peptide anticoagulants

A

true

33
Q

what are the 4 forms of hookworm disease due to A. caninum

A

peracute
acute
chronic
nuisance

34
Q

a nursing pup comes in infected immediately after birth with hookworm.
1) what type of transmission was this
2) what level of hookworm disease is this

A

1) transmammary transmission
2) peracute

35
Q

what is the outcome of a peracute hookworm disease

A

no clinical signs
sudden death

36
Q

why would a fecal float be negative in a peracute disease of hookworms

A

negative fecal float due to death within PPP

37
Q

which type of hookworm disease level is seen in pups older than 3 weeks old

A

acute

38
Q

how are most 3 week old pups infected with acute hookworm disease

A

second infection due to skin penetration due to larvae

39
Q

what are the clinical signs of a puppy with acute hookworm disease

A

profoundly anemic
bloody or black, tarry diarrhea (melena)
dermatitis / swollen painful footpads

40
Q

what are 2 ways chronic hookworm disease can present

A

adult dog infection (shelter dogs)
larval leak

41
Q

what are 2 ways chronic hookworm disease can present

A

adult dog infection (shelter dogs)
larval leak

42
Q

true or false:
adult infected dogs with hookworm may be asymptomatic or only show mild clinical signs with eggs in feces

A

true

43
Q

true or false:
definitive fecal floats can be done on pups <14-21 days old

A

false - these are presumptive dx because they wont be shedding eggs yet

Parasitology (10 decks)

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