Endoparasiticides Flashcards
what is naturally occurring and can be used to control endoparasites
nematophagous fungi
what is on a label for an anthelminthic
approved host
proven efficacy
recommended dosage
withdrawal times
who is legally allowed to use medications in an extra-label way
only licensed veterinarians
in what species is an extra-label drug most commonly used
goats
what are reasons for choosing an extra-label drug
no labeled drug exists
data supports the application/use
when is an extra-label drug often used in cats and dogs
treatment of all uncommon parasites
what are ways anthelmintics can be toxic
direct toxicity
indirect toxicity
sequelae to treatment
what is direct toxicity
toxicity due to the drug levels itself
what is indirect toxicity
idiosyncratic reactions - unpredicatble
what are some risks with using anthelmintics as treatment
ascarid impaction
pulmonary thromboembolism
what is used to kill internal parasites
endoparasiticide
what is used to kill external parasites
ectoparasiticide
what is used to kill both internal and external parasites
endectocide
what is the main endectocide drug used
avermectin / milbemycin
define therapeutic
treatment; to treat current infection
define prophylactic
prevention; treat to prevent
routine, regular use of anthelmintic
define strategic in use of anthelmintics
control; treat at strategically timed intervals to provide optimal control
what does PRN mean
give as needed
what are the 3 main groups of anthelmintics
benzimidazoles
avermectin / milbemycin
membrane depolarizers
how would you tell if a drug was in the benzimidazole group
it ends in -azole….
albendazole
fenbendazole
oxibendazole
*febantel is the only odd one!
when might a toxicity with a benzimidazole occur
administration at elevated doses over multiple days
true or false:
benzimidazoles can not be given orally
false
benzimidazoles can ONLY be given ORALLY
true or false:
benzimidazoles kill all nematodes
true
true or false:
benzimidazoles have a narrow-spectrum of efficiacy
false
they are very broad
what should be a concern with using benzimidazoles for a long period of time
drug resistance is becoming a problem
what cestode is killed using a benzimidazole
tapeworm in ruminants
what fluke is killed using benzimidazole in ruminants
liver flukes
what protozoa can be killed using benzimidazole
giardia
what are avermectin and milbemycins derived from
naturally occurring antibiotic-like compounds
true or false:
avermectin / milbemycins have no effect on nematodes and arthropod parasites
false
they are broad-spectrum against most nematode and arthropod parasites
what is the concern with avermectin acting on the GABA receptor
toxicity in mammals by action on GABA-gated ion channels in mammalian CNS can lead to death
which drug is the biggest concern when it comes to avermectin toxicity
ivermectin
what is the issue with collies and ivermectin
deletion mutuation in Pgp gene allows drug to cross the blood brain barrier
because of genetic collie issues, what can be used instead of ivermectin
moxidectin
what is the purpose of using a membrane depolarizing drug on worms
spastic paralysis
which membrane depolarizer can be used as an extra-label treatment for ML-resistant heartworm
imidazothiazoles
what drugs are in the tetrahydropyrimidines
pyrantel
morantel
which anthelmintic is highly toxic and only used in ruminants
levamisole
what is tetrahydropyrimidines used on
nematodes
which broad spectrum nematocide is only a topical cat drug
emodepside
what is the main use of emodepside
TOC for MDR hookworms
what drug has excellent efficacy against adult and larval cestodes to take care of tapeworms
praziquantel
what is the main use of praziquantel in small animals
flukes
