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Parasitology > Endoparasiticides > Flashcards

Endoparasiticides Flashcards

1
Q

what is naturally occurring and can be used to control endoparasites

A

nematophagous fungi

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2
Q

what is on a label for an anthelminthic

A

approved host
proven efficacy
recommended dosage
withdrawal times

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3
Q

who is legally allowed to use medications in an extra-label way

A

only licensed veterinarians

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4
Q

in what species is an extra-label drug most commonly used

A

goats

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5
Q

what are reasons for choosing an extra-label drug

A

no labeled drug exists
data supports the application/use

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6
Q

when is an extra-label drug often used in cats and dogs

A

treatment of all uncommon parasites

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7
Q

what are ways anthelmintics can be toxic

A

direct toxicity
indirect toxicity
sequelae to treatment

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8
Q

what is direct toxicity

A

toxicity due to the drug levels itself

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9
Q

what is indirect toxicity

A

idiosyncratic reactions - unpredicatble

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10
Q

what are some risks with using anthelmintics as treatment

A

ascarid impaction
pulmonary thromboembolism

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11
Q

what is used to kill internal parasites

A

endoparasiticide

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12
Q

what is used to kill external parasites

A

ectoparasiticide

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13
Q

what is used to kill both internal and external parasites

A

endectocide

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14
Q

what is the main endectocide drug used

A

avermectin / milbemycin

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15
Q

define therapeutic

A

treatment; to treat current infection

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16
Q

define prophylactic

A

prevention; treat to prevent
routine, regular use of anthelmintic

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17
Q

define strategic in use of anthelmintics

A

control; treat at strategically timed intervals to provide optimal control

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18
Q

what does PRN mean

A

give as needed

19
Q

what are the 3 main groups of anthelmintics

A

benzimidazoles
avermectin / milbemycin
membrane depolarizers

20
Q

how would you tell if a drug was in the benzimidazole group

A

it ends in -azole….

albendazole
fenbendazole
oxibendazole

*febantel is the only odd one!

21
Q

when might a toxicity with a benzimidazole occur

A

administration at elevated doses over multiple days

22
Q

true or false:
benzimidazoles can not be given orally

A

false
benzimidazoles can ONLY be given ORALLY

23
Q

true or false:
benzimidazoles kill all nematodes

A

true

24
Q

true or false:
benzimidazoles have a narrow-spectrum of efficiacy

A

false
they are very broad

25
Q

what should be a concern with using benzimidazoles for a long period of time

A

drug resistance is becoming a problem

26
Q

what cestode is killed using a benzimidazole

A

tapeworm in ruminants

27
Q

what fluke is killed using benzimidazole in ruminants

A

liver flukes

28
Q

what protozoa can be killed using benzimidazole

A

giardia

29
Q

what are avermectin and milbemycins derived from

A

naturally occurring antibiotic-like compounds

30
Q

true or false:
avermectin / milbemycins have no effect on nematodes and arthropod parasites

A

false
they are broad-spectrum against most nematode and arthropod parasites

31
Q

what is the concern with avermectin acting on the GABA receptor

A

toxicity in mammals by action on GABA-gated ion channels in mammalian CNS can lead to death

32
Q

which drug is the biggest concern when it comes to avermectin toxicity

A

ivermectin

33
Q

what is the issue with collies and ivermectin

A

deletion mutuation in Pgp gene allows drug to cross the blood brain barrier

34
Q

because of genetic collie issues, what can be used instead of ivermectin

A

moxidectin

35
Q

what is the purpose of using a membrane depolarizing drug on worms

A

spastic paralysis

36
Q

which membrane depolarizer can be used as an extra-label treatment for ML-resistant heartworm

A

imidazothiazoles

37
Q

what drugs are in the tetrahydropyrimidines

A

pyrantel
morantel

38
Q

which anthelmintic is highly toxic and only used in ruminants

A

levamisole

39
Q

what is tetrahydropyrimidines used on

A

nematodes

40
Q

which broad spectrum nematocide is only a topical cat drug

A

emodepside

41
Q

what is the main use of emodepside

A

TOC for MDR hookworms

42
Q

what drug has excellent efficacy against adult and larval cestodes to take care of tapeworms

A

praziquantel

43
Q

what is the main use of praziquantel in small animals

A

flukes

Parasitology (10 decks)

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