hoofdstuk 7 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the Expectancy Violations Theory?
The Expectancy Violations Theory was originally created to understand non-verbal communication and its effects on message interpretation in conversations, focusing on how unexpected changes can be arousing and ambiguous.
What is proxemics and what are the four proxemic zones identified by Edward Hall?
Proxemics deals with a person’s use of space and how it affects their ability to achieve desired goals. Edward Hall’s four proxemic zones are: intimate (1-18 inches), personal (18 inches - 4 feet), social (4 to 12 feet), and public (12 feet and beyond).
What is territoriality and what are the three types of territories?
Territoriality is a person’s sense of ownership over an area or object. The three types of territories are primary (individual’s exclusive domain), secondary (personal connection but not exclusive), and public (no personal affiliations, open areas).
What are the assumptions of expectancy violations theory?
The key assumptions include: Expectancies drive human interaction and are learned through culture and individuals within that culture; and people make predictions about nonverbal behavior, with the reception of deviated behaviors depending on the reward potential of others.
What is communicator reward valence?
Communicator reward valence is the sum of positive and negative characteristics of a person and their potential to carry out rewards or punishments in a conversation. Interpretations of violations often depend on the communicator and their value.
What is arousal in the context of expectancy violations theory?
Arousal is a heightened state of awareness, orienting response, or mental alertness that stimulates a review of the relationship. It occurs when a person’s expectations are violated, causing them to focus more on the source of arousal than the message itself. It can be cognitive (alertness to a violation) or physical (behavior during an interaction).
What are the two types of expectancies in the expectancy violations theory?
Pre-interactional expectations, which form before a conversation, and interactional expectations, which concern an individual’s ability to carry out the interaction itself.
What are the two types of expectancies in the expectancy violations theory?
Pre-interactional expectations, which form before a conversation, and interactional expectations, which concern an individual’s ability to carry out the interaction itself.
How does communicator reward valence affect interpretation of behavior?
The same behaviors can be interpreted differently depending on the reward potential of the individual. High-reward communicators’ actions may be seen positively, while the same actions from low-reward communicators may be seen negatively.
What is arousal in the context of expectancy violations theory?
Arousal is a heightened state of awareness that occurs when expectations are violated. It can be cognitive, meaning increased alertness, or physical, relating to the behaviors a person employs during an interaction.
How does a violation of expectations influence a person’s attention during a conversation?
When a person’s expectations are violated, they typically pay less attention to the message and more attention to the source of the arousal or violation.
What is cognitive arousal in the context of expectancy violations theory?
Cognitive arousal refers to a state of alertness or orientation towards a violation where intuitive senses become heightened.
What does physical arousal refer to in the context of expectancy violations theory?
Physical arousal refers to the behavior a communicator employs during an interaction, such as moving out of uncomfortable speaking distances.
What is the threat threshold in the expectancy violations theory?
he threat threshold is the distance at which an individual experiences physical and physiological discomfort due to the presence of another. It varies among individuals based on their comfort with proximity to others.
What does violation valence refer to in the context of expectancy violations theory?
iolation valence refers to the positive or negative assessment of an unexpected behavior. It focuses on how people interpret the meaning of a violation and whether they perceive it as positive or negative.
