Hoofdstuk 3: Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrale cortex

A

Bevat 16 miljard neuronen

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2
Q

Neuron

A
  • Dendrieten: input
  • cellichaam: integreren van info
  • axon: output
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3
Q

Types gliacellen

A
  • Ependymcellen
  • Astrocyten
  • Microgliacellen
  • Oligodendrogliacellen
  • Schwann cellen
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4
Q

Ependymcellen

A

Produceren cerebrospinale vloeistof (CSV)

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5
Q

Astrocyten

A

Vormen nauwe verbindingen tussen bloedvaten en neuronen -> bloed-hersenbarrière

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6
Q

Microgliacellen

A

Ontstaan in het bloed als onderdeel van het immuunsysteem (type macrofaag)

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7
Q

Oligodendrogliacellen

A
  • In centrale zenuwstelsel (axonen in CZS kunnen niet worden gerepareerd)
  • Myeliniseren (isoleren) axonen van neuronen.
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8
Q

Schwann cellen

A
  • In perifere zenuwstelsel
  • Myeliniseren (isoleren) axonen van neuronen.
  • Stimuleren aangroei van axonen na beschadiging -> axonen in PZS kunnen worden gerepareerd.
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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Celkern die 23 paar chromosomen (genen) bevat.

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10
Q

Nucleair membraan

A

Membraan om de celkern

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11
Q

Endoplasmatisch reticulum

A

Verzamelt eiwitten
- in cel

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12
Q

Golgi lichamen

A
  • In cel
  • Verpakt eiwitten en voorziet ze van ‘adres en postzegel’
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13
Q

Microtubuli

A

Vormen het transportnetwerk in cel

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14
Q

Celmembraan

A
  • Membraan om de cel
  • 2 lagen fosfolipide moleculen:
  • kop: fosfaat = hydrofiel (bindt aan water)
  • staart: vetzuur = hydrofoob (bindt niet aan water)
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15
Q

Celmembraan is semipermeabel

A
  • alleen specifieke moleculen passeren
  • Kanaal
  • Poort
  • Pomp: pompt specifieke ionen de cel in, en andere eruit
  • Natrium/kalium pomp: Helpt de rustpotentiaal in stand te houden
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16
Q

Nucleotides

A

chemische bouwstenen waaruit DNA bestaat

17
Q

Types nucleobasen (onderdeel nucleotides)

A
  • Adenine (A)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)
  • Thymine (T)
18
Q

Aminozuren

A

De bouwstenen van eiwitten

19
Q

De ‘bases’ van gedrag

A

basen -> aminozuren -> peptiden -> eiwitten -> cellen -> gedrag

20
Q

Peptiden

A

Ketens van aminozuren