Honors - Unit 5 - Chemical Reactions

Question 1

Le Chatlier’s Principle

Answer 1

Question 2

Symbols used in writing chemical equations

Answer 2

Question 3

Definition of a balanced chemical equation:

Answer 3

no atoms are lost or gained

the number of reacting atoms is equal to the number of product atoms

Question 4

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 4

Mass is neither created or destroyed during a chemical reaction - it is conserved.

Mass Reactants = Mass Products

Question 5

Subscript

Answer 5

Small numbers to the lower right of chemical symbols. Represent the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

O₂

Question 6

Coefficients

Answer 6

The large numbers in front of chemical formulas. Represents the number of molecules of the substance.

2Al

Question 7

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 7

If these elements appear by themselves in an equation, the must be in pairs with the subscript 2.

(H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂)

Question 8

Reactants

Answer 8

Substances being mixed in a chemical reaction. The left side of the equation.

Question 9

Products

Answer 9

Substance(s) being made. Right side of the equation.

Question 10

Synthesis or Combination

Answer 10

Two or more elements combine to make one product.

A + B –> AB

Question 11

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 11

One reactant breaks down into two or more elements.

AB –> A + B

Question 12

Single Replacement

Answer 12

An element and a compound are located on each side of the equation. The Activity Series must be checked to determine if the reaction will occur. If the reaction occurs, the element on the reactant side switches with the similarly charged ion within the compound on the reactant side.

A + BC –> AC + B

Question 13

Double Displacement

Answer 13

There are two compounds on each side of the equation. During a DD Reaction the positively charged cations in each compound switch places. Also known as Precipitate Reaction. For the reaction to occur a precipitate must be formed. The solubility rules or table are used to confirm this.

AB + CD –> AD + CB

Question 14

Precipitate

Answer 14

Formation of a solid in a solution.

Question 15

Combustion

Answer 15

Any compound formed from only Carbon an Hydrogen (fuel) added to Oxygen to produce Carbon Dioxide and Water.

Question 16

Predict the products and write a balanced equation from the following word statement:

Methane (CH₄) plus Oxygen Gas forms:

Answer 16

Question 17

How to PREDICT PRODUCTS of the 4 Main Types of Chemical Reactions.

Answer 17

Question 18

Predict the products of and write a balanced equation from the following word statement:

Methane (C3H8) reacts with Oxygen gas to form __________.

Answer 18

Question 19

Write a chemical equation from the following word equation:

Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

Answer 19

2Mg + O₂ –> 2MgO

Question 20

Write a chemical equation from the following word equation:

Magnesium reacts with aluminum chloride to form magnesium chloride and aluminum.

Answer 20

3Mg + 2AlCl₃–> 3MgCl₂ + 2Al

Question 21

Write a chemical equation from the following word equation:

Sodium reacts with fluorine to form sodium fluoride

Answer 21

2Na + F₂–> 2NaF

Question 22

Write a chemical equation from the following word equation:

Lithium chloride reacts with magnesium nitrate to form lithium nitrate and magnesium chloride.

Answer 22

2LiCl + Mg(NO₃)₂ –> 2Li(NO₃) + MgCl₂

Question 23

Write a chemical equation from the following word equation:

Water decomposes into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas:

Answer 23

2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂

Question 24

Predict the products of and write a balanced equation from the following statement:

C₄H₆ + O₂ →

Answer 24

2C₄H₆ + 7O₂ →4CO₂ + 6H₂O

Combustion

Question 25

Predict the products of and write a balanced equation from the following statement:

Mg + I₂ →

Answer 25

Mg + I₂ →MgI₂

Synthesis

Question 26

Predict the products of and write a balanced equation from the following statement:

CuCl₂ + H₂S →

Answer 26

CuCl₂ + H₂S →CuS + 2HCl

Double Replacement

Question 27

Predict the products of and write a balanced equation from the following statement:

HCl + Zn →

Answer 27

2HCl + Zn →ZnCl₂ + H₂

Single Replacement

Question 28

Predict the products of and write a balanced equation from the following statement:

H₂O₂ →

Answer 28

H₂O₂ → H₂ + O₂

DECOMPOSITION

Question 29

Balance the following chemical equation:

__Al₂(SO₄)₃ + __Ca(OH)₂ → __Al(OH)₃ + __CaSO₄

Answer 29

Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Ca(OH)₂ → 2Al(OH)₃ + 3CaSO₄

Question 30

Balance the following chemical equation:

__C₂H₆ + __O₂ → __CO₂ + __H₂O

Answer 30

2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O

Question 31

Balance the following chemical equation:

__C + __O₂ → __CO₂

Answer 31

1C + 1O₂ → 1CO₂

Question 32

C₄H₆ + O₂ →

Answer 32

2C₄H₆ + 7O₂ →4CO₂ + 6H₂O Combustion

Question 33

Mg + I₂ →

Answer 33

Mg + I₂ →MgI₂ Synthesis

Question 34

CuCl₂ + H₂S →

Answer 34

CuCl₂ + H₂S →CuS + 2HCl Double Replacement

Question 35

NaOH + HClO₄ →

Answer 35

NaOH + HClO₄ →NaClO₄+ H₂O Double Replacement

Question 36

HCl + Zn →

Answer 36

2HCl + Zn →ZnCl₂ + H₂ Single Replacement

Question 37

Na + MgCl₂ →

Answer 37

2Na + MgCl₂ →2NaCl + Mg Single Replacement

Question 38

CaCl₂ + K₂CO₃ →

Answer 38

CaCl₂ + K₂CO₃ →CaCO₃ + 2KCl Double Replacement

Question 39

K + Cl₂ →

Answer 39

2K + Cl₂ →2KCl Synthesis

Question 40

How would temperature and pressure affect the equilibrium of the following reaction?

N2 + 3H2 ⇔ 2NH3 + heat

Answer 40

Question 41

How would removing ammonia, NH₃, affect the equilibrium of the following reaction?

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇔ 2NH₃ + heat

Answer 41

Question 42

How does a reaction at equilibrium shift when more reactants are added?

Answer 42

Reaction shifts to the right to make more product.

Question 43

How does a reaction at equilibrium shift when reactants are removed?

Answer 43

Reaction shifts to the left to make more reactant.

Question 44

How does a reaction at equilibrium shift when more products are added?

Answer 44

Reaction shifts to the left to make more reactant.

Question 45

How does a reaction at equilibrium shift when products are removed?

Answer 45

Reaction shifts to the right to make more product.

Question 46

What happens to an endothermic reaction when temperature is increased?

Answer 46

Heat is a reactant, so the reaction will shift to the right to make more product.

Question 47

What happens to an endothermic reaction when temperature is lowered?

Answer 47

Heat is a reactant, so the reaction will shift to the left to make more reactant.

Question 48

What happens to an exothermic reaction when temperature is increased?

Answer 48

Heat is a product, so the reaction shifts to the left to make more reactant.

Question 49

What happens to an exothermic reaction when temperature is lowered?

Answer 49

Heat is a product, so the reaction shifts to the right to make more product.

Question 50

What happens when the pressure of a reaction at equilibrium is increased?

Answer 50

It depends if there are gases present. If there ARE gases present, reaction will shift to the side with the lower number of moles of gas.

Question 51

What happens when the pressure of a reaction at equilibrium is increased?

Answer 51

It depends if there are gases present. If there ARE gases present, reaction will shift to the side with the greater number of moles of gas.