Homostasis Flashcards
What is homeostasis
It’s a process of maintaining a stable internal environment in a result if internal and external conditions
What dose our body do to regulating our body
Automatic control
What are the 3 main automatic control systems
Receptors which detect a change for example a rise in temperature
Coordination centres eg brain spinal cord
Which interpolate that change
Effectors which carry. Out the change
Muscles or glands that release hormones
What dose are nervous. Systems do.
They are very fast a paecise
It sends electricity impulses through nerves
Which allows us to respond to things very quickly
What dose the endocrine system do
Relay on hormones small chemical into the blood stream
They only affect certain cells
What is the endocrine system generally
Slower longer lasting and more generalised
What is the negative feedback
Whenever of something gets to high like the levels of Glucose negative feedback decreases it again back. To normal
It the level is to low negative feedback will being it high again
Negative feedback when we walk into a cold room
The low-temperature will be detected by the receptors such as in our skins and then I nervous system now send impulses two coordination centres E.g. brain spinal cord these interpret the information and send another signals to the effectors E.g. our muscles which can carry useful responses like shivering what time does shivering increase our body temperature going back to normal
What are the 4 things we need to regulate in our body
TWIG
temperature water ions glucose
Mechanisms our body uses warm up near our skin called
Vasoconstriction this heat energy is lost to our surroundings we also contract arrector muscles which make a hair stand on end
Cool down mechanisms our body uses
The arrector muscles relax
The blood expands vasodilate
Produce sweat
what is blood glucose concentration
It’s it’s a fancy way of describing them of sugar in the blood stream
Why do we need a contract amount of sugar in our blood
So our cell has a constant amount of glucose that they can use for respiration
Controlling glucose levels
If you had a big meal that contains lots of carbohydrates, it will be broken down into your digestive system down to glucose into your blood stream
We Complete this in a graph to show up blood glucose levels changed with the time the spike in the graph shows as it will cost is dissolved into the blood. This advice is from the pancreas. It release hormone called insulin then will flood to the blood steam which sells the sauce to take on some of the glucose
To form glycogen from liver and muscles to decrease
What is glucagon
A homone
Fix low levels of glucose )
Glucagon if a blood glucose top Sulo frog sample, if you skip breakfast then a pancreas will detect the slow concentration of blood glucose and release glucagon to the bloodstream which to lots of different cells a break it down
What happens if your glucose levels get too high what dose it release
Insulin cause. It to decrease again
If your glucose levels drop to low what. Is released
Glucagon which causes it to increase again
Type one diabetes
Come in childhood or teenage years but is lifelong for some reason, your Parkrun start releasing insulin Olive, make sure you turn your amounts wish to have to inject herself of insulin we’re still brings down the glucose levels after meal
Type 2 diabetes
Mainly happens to all people, but not have a bad healthy diet which of assistance to insulin and other words don’t respond to insulin they cells won’t take any more glucose from the blood streams given insulin as a treatment wouldn’t help
What can help the 2 diabetics
Healthy low fat diet and regular exercise
What is the central nervous system made out of
Brain and spinal cord
What takes place in the central nervous system
Thinking
What dose the central nervous system takes in
Sensory information
What dose the central nervous system send out
It send out order to the rest of the body
What do sensory neuron do
Carry information form receptors to all over our body to the central nervous systems
E.g change in temperature
What happened after when the cns knows what to do with the information
It sends impulses back out to the body by motor neurons
Which is another type of nerve cell to effectors
What happened when you detecting stimuli
A receptor detects stimulus like pressure the receptor sends an electrical impulse along a sensory neurone towards the spinal cord and then the brain
What happened when u responding to the stimulus
The brain sends an electrical impulse down the spinal cord and motor neuron towards the muscle (and effector the muscle contrast)
what is the reflex arch
is the unconsious reflexes eg moving yoiur hand from a hot pan they are rapid
reflex arch example touching a sharp pin
the sharp object a stimuli then it will be detectors by repector cells in your skin then the stimuli will carry to the a sensory neuron that will carry an implus to your finger to your spinal cord which is part of the cns then cns to the ralay neuron to the motor neuron m to making your arm contrast
what do we call the object that were touching
a stimuli
what are the different types of grands
pituitary gland it release different homos to tell the body what to do and other glands
thyroid adronal glands
what dose the aorenal glands help us do
for the flight or fight release aorenaline
what dose the pancreas release
insulin
what are the roles of the testis
only in males release the hormone testostrone and the male sperm
what is the role of the ovaries
they release homo oestrogen puberty mentral cycle
what is the diffrenet to endrocrane sytem and nerves systenm
endocrane is mo slower
nerves fast effect dont last
what is the four stages of the mentral cycle
stage 1 menstruation when period starts last about 4 days
stage 2 uterus lining starts to build up again and thick spongy layer k
last 10 days
stage 3
ovulation takes place in a single day
stage 4
maintaining the lining of the uterus
if there no ferilized no egg it will start again to stage one
what is the average length of a menstrual cycle
is around 28 days but it can varies a lot throughout different people
what is the role of stage 2 thicken the uterus lining
peppering for a fertilised egg
what hormones is responsible for the menstrual cycle
we will see the level of oestrogen increase in stage two as the uterus develops and fall as the lining is grown
progesterone increase in stage 4 maintaining lining of the uterus
what gland is lh and fsh produced
they are produced in the pituitary gland which is a small gland behind your eyes near your brain
what dose fsh
it stimulates an egg in one of the ovaries to develop then after 2 week the hormone LH triggers the release of the egg which is overlain it then pass through the tube and could be able to be a fertilised egg if it did then his fertilised
what is LH another word for
ovulation
what is the hormonal methods of contraception
it relays on releasing oestrogen and progesterone some combination of the two
how dose oestrogen stop pregnancy
if oestrogen is pleases every day then it inhabits the production of FSH and as FSH normally stimulates egg development means no egg will develop or be released
how dose progesterone stop pregnancy
it stimulates the production of thick mucus in the cervix / entrance to the uterus which prevents the sperm from ever reaching the egg
what is the other word for the pill
combined oral contraceptive pill
what’s the Side effect of the pill
headache or nausea
what is the other hormonal method
the contucepted pack which last 1 week
and injection
what is the hormonal method that you can get into your skin
the contraceptive implant which involves a small device being placed under the skin of the arm which will slowly release progesterone up to 3 years
what is IUD
its a contraceptive that is placed in side the uterus which release progesterone which last 3 years
what is non normal methods
preventing the sperm by meeting the egg
all types of non normal methods
condoms for male and female
diaphragm that fits over the cervix
what is a sterilisation in woman
this involve cutting or tying the Fallopian tubes making the eggs can’t pass through the ovaries to the uterus
what is sterilisation in men
they can get a vasectomy
where dose insulin travel to
liver
which organ release insulin
pancreas
What do u give to people that have a low FSH and low chance of getting pregnant
You can give them an fsh pill helps to mature eggs and LS stimulate ovulation
If FSH and LS don’t work still what is another option for woman
Useing IVF
What is the 5 stages of IVF
Woman are given FSH to make eggs to mature
Then the woman egg are collected by the ovulation by sperm from father
Then left in a incubator to grow to embryos tiny balls of cells
The embryos insert to the uterine
If the father has a low sperm in the body what can u use instead
Icsi
What is the cons of ivf
Doesn’t always work in the uk 1 in 4
Stressful vomiting
Give high levels of miscarriage
And twins and triplets
Pros of ivf
It gives people babies
