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b7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an habitat

A

is an environment which organisms an live

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2
Q

what is an habits for elephants

A

grass land

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3
Q

what is an population

A

is the total number of all organisms of one species in a habitat

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4
Q

what does the Africa grass land contain

A

zebra giraffes gazelles and insets and plants like fungi and bacteria

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5
Q

what is community

A

is all the population of different species in a habitat

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6
Q

what dose biotic mean

A

living

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7
Q

what dose abiotic mean

A

no living

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8
Q

what do scientists mean by biotic

A

all the living things in an environment

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9
Q

what do scientists mean by abiotic

A

all the non- living things in an environment

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10
Q

what do abiotic contain

A

the amount of water and minerals in the soil

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11
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

is both biotic and abiotic parts in the environment and how there interact

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12
Q

what is the problem for living organism to get there food from other organisms

A

the resources are often In short supply

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13
Q

where do living organism get there materials from

A

water

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14
Q

where do zebras get there materials from

A

from plants that there eat but there resources and short in supply

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15
Q

what do living organism have to do to not run out of short supply

A

compete with each other

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16
Q

what do plants compete from

A

light and space and water and also mineral ions

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17
Q

what do animals compete form

A

with each other for food and water for mating partners and territory

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18
Q

what do all the different species in a community do

A

depend on each other

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19
Q

what do scientist call it when all the different species in a community depend on each other

A

scientist call this internependance

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20
Q

what do every animal depend on

A

they depend on other living organisms for food

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21
Q

what do other animals get there food

A

by eating plants

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22
Q

what can plants Also depend on

A

animals for example plants depend on Bees to spread their pollen

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23
Q

what can plants also depend on

A

animals

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24
Q

what do scientist call it when
the communities population of different species remain fairly constant

A

a stable community

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25
Q

what is in balance in a stable community

A

the population of organisms our in balance with each other ad the about resources eg water

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26
Q

what are the 4 different biotic factors

A

food
New predators
Competition between species
New pathogens

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27
Q

What happens if the available of food falls

A

The number of organisms will also fall in that community

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28
Q

What can new predator affect

A

Existing factors for example if they competing for the same pray

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29
Q

How can competition between species affect biotic factor

A

If a species is outcompeted than the population can fall so much that numbers are no longer sufficient to breed and there species may become extinct

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30
Q

How is new pathogen an abiotic factor

A

If an infectious disease emerges and spreads it can wipe out a population of a species

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31
Q

What are the 7 abiotic factors

A

Light intensity temp food available predators new pathogens water

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32
Q

What can light intensity have a major effect on

A

Plants as all plants need light to carry out photosynthesis

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33
Q

What happened if the light intensity is low

A

Then the rate of photosynthesis will fall and plants will grow more slowly

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34
Q

what happens if a change in temp

A

animals can migrate

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35
Q

what is adapted to reduce water loss form plants

A

them going in sand dunes

36
Q

how are camels adapted

A

for hot and ry places
long eyelashes for sand
have hump to store fat proves heat loss reduce water loss from sweating
thick coat from the sun
wide feet from sinking into there sand

37
Q

how are artic fox adapted

A

thick fur fir insulating
small ears reduces surface ares of the fox reducing heat
camoflough to hint prey

38
Q

what is it called when some organisms are adapted to live in very extreme conditions

A

extremophiles

39
Q

what can you find living In the vents of extreme conditions

A

extremophiles

40
Q

what do every food chain start with

A

a producer a green grass

41
Q

what is called when you eat the producers

A

primary consumers

42
Q

what is a predator

A

consumers that kills and eat other animals

43
Q

what is the animal that is being eaten called

A

the prey

44
Q

Can some food chains have tertiary consumer

A

Yes it eats the secondary consumer

45
Q

What happened to the numbers of predators and prey

A

They rise and fall in cycles

46
Q

What is it called when scientists determine the number of organisms in an area

A

A technique called sampling

47
Q

What is random sampling

A

Is used to compare the number of organisms in different areas

48
Q

What do we use for random sampling

A

A quadratic

49
Q

What is a quadrant

A

It’s a wooden or plastic square

50
Q

What do we do to count number of organisms in a random sample

A

We place the quadrant on the ground and count the number of organisms that is there it could be useful to sample plants or slow moving animals

51
Q

Where is the quadrant placed around the area

A

Random place

52
Q

What happens if you place the quadrant once

A

It wound give use an sample that accurately the whole area

53
Q

What’s the equation of population size in random sampling

A
54
Q

What is sampling alone a transects

A

If an number of species change as we move across an habitat

55
Q

How do we measure the amount of species with sampling along a transect

A

We place the transect so it runs across the habitat that we’re look at then we use a quadrant to count the number of organisms we do this to the number of organisms change across a habitat move a constant distance 2 m

56
Q

What is an transect

A

A long tape measure

57
Q

step of sampling organisms

A

we place to 2 tape measures at right angles 20m in length then we need 2 bags each bag contain the number 1-29 3 people in group first student removes a number fro the bag the number is 8m (imagine) then they move to the 8m point second elects an umber from there bag and move up the number 1m eexample the third student place the quadrant on the graph and use up the 8m and 12m and count the number of daisies now return there numbers back into the bag and repeat this process 9 times

58
Q

what happens if there’s a much higher or a much lower number of daises then the average

A

then we should increase the number of quadrat throw to cover a great percentage of the area

59
Q

why would we see a grater number of daisies if we mover further down from the tree

A

because there will not be any light intensity plants need light for photolysis will also absorb binaries

60
Q

what’s the inly way that carbon.can enter the carbon cycle

A

through photosysiis

61
Q

what dose the arrow mean in the carbon cycle

A

turning into

62
Q

what dose biodiversity mean

A

the variety of all different species of organism on the earth

63
Q

what do decomposer do

A

break down the remain of dead organisms

64
Q

what dose a high level of biodiversity mean

A

that there are lots off different species which makes an ecosystem more stable

65
Q

what do lots of different species mean

A

that the ecosystem is less dependant on one species so if the population falls it is less likely to affect the whole ecosystem

66
Q

why are humans having a negative affect of biodiversity

A

because of deforestation

67
Q

describe what the area of land is being destoryed to provide land used for human biodiversity

A

the land is used for rice fields or for gazing cattle the land is used to grow crops and the. used for bi rules

68
Q
A
69
Q

what is the side affect of the population increasing

A

humans are using more of the earths resoucces

70
Q

h=how can waste lead to the population of air and land

A

water population produce swage grain fecies swage released in river streams toxic chemical releases in can kill animals os reducing biodiversity in aquatic ecosystem burning create acid rain waste can plate the land millions of waste in the land dumping lawful can destroy animals and habitats all reducing biodiversity

71
Q

what are peast

A

contain large amount of dead materials condition in the peat decays very slow

72
Q

what do peat land or bogs contain a lot of

A

trapped carbon dioxide they begin destroyed

73
Q

what do people do to peats in other country’s

A

they burn it to release energy and to genarte electricity

74
Q

how are peats reducing biodiversity

A

by reducing the area of the habitat reducing the variety of animals plants and microganisums

75
Q

what is the affect on peats

A

once they been extracted and used for compost it begins to decay relate large amounts of carbon dioxide as we burn the peat it release carbon dioxide as well the contributes to climate change

76
Q

what human actives affect global warming

A

burning fossil fuels carbon dioxide into the atmosphere coil and oil mathne in the atmosphere has increased its buy paddy fields and cows all are green house gasses

77
Q

what are green house gasses

A

they trap heat in the atmosphere

78
Q

scientific papers have been published on global warming

A

there been check by other sienctic before being published which is called peer vein

79
Q

what dose peer view help to detect

A

false claims and make sure that research published in scientific journals is valid

80
Q

do people in the newspapers subjective on peer review

A

they are not subjective which means reporting on global warming can be oversimplelfied or inaccurate

81
Q

why do rise in temp affect insects

A

mosquitoes will come everywhere rather than Africa because everywhere will become hot

82
Q

why do rise in temp affect animals

A

animals like paper bears raita will melt and then them beacon extended

83
Q

how do we maintain biodiversity

A

recycling waste landfills
governments has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the at sphere also reduce deforestation petting reparation for habitat

84
Q

How do field margins and hedgrows in algriclture help increase biodiversity

A

They provide extra habitats and food sources so that a wider range of species can survive.

85
Q

How can the government encourage businesses (including farmers) to reduce damage to biodiversity

A

Setting quotas or limits on harmful practices (such as quotes for deforestation)

Set laws prohibiting or requiring certain things

Biology (10 decks)

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