Homology Flashcards

1
Q

Homology

A

a similar character inherited from the same ancestor

genealogical inheritance

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2
Q

Homoplasy

A

A similar character that evolved independently

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3
Q

Criteria of homology after Remane

A
  1. Position (extremities)
  2. continuity
  3. Specific quality
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4
Q

Criteria of position & example

A

Structures are homologous if they obtain an
identical position in the organism

  • Ex. vertebrate extremities
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5
Q

Criteria of continuity & example

A

If their position doesn’t
match, but intermediate forms are recognizable

intermediates only visible during ontogenesis or in
extinct forms.

Ex. lungs tetrapods

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6
Q

Criteria of specific quality & example

A

Complex structures are also
homologous if they match in many
details even if they cannot match by
position or continuity

Ex. Tetrapodd teeth or scales of a shark

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7
Q

Analogy

A

Functional similarity, not based on genealogy, but
on adaptation to different habitats.

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8
Q

Convergence

A

Parallel development of traits in two not directly
related animals due to adaptation to similar
habitats (Kind of homoplasy)

Ex. Wings of Birds and Insects
•Torpedo shape of dolphins and penguins
•Eyes in octopus and vertebrates

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