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N5 Chemistry > Homologous series > Flashcards

Homologous series Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s a homologous series?

A

a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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2
Q

when hydrocarbons burn in oxygen what do they produce?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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3
Q

which type of hydrocarbon is saturated and why?

A

Alkanes because they have single carbon bonds

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4
Q

What’s cracking?

A

breaking molecules into smaller molecules

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5
Q

Alkane general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

what are alkenes?

A

a family of hydrocarbons with a double carbon to carbon bond

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7
Q

which type of hydrocarbons are unsaturated and why?

A

alkenes are unsaturated due to double carbon bonds

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8
Q

alkene general formula

A

CnH2n

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9
Q

How do you saturate alkenes?

A

with additional reactions which break the double carbon to carbon bond

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10
Q

if you add alkenes to bromine water what happens?

A

the water turns colourless

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11
Q

What are the products of combustion from a hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide

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12
Q

what’s the test for carbon dioxide?

A

turns limewater cloudy

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13
Q

products of incomplete combustion?

A

hydrocarbons + not enough oxygen = carbon monoxide + water

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14
Q

What happens in an addition reaction?

A

In an addition reaction, the double bond of the alkene partially breaks when the reactant molecule attacks and adds on across it.

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15
Q

What are isomers?

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

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16
Q

What does the number in but-1-ene mean?

A

Tells us where the double bond is positioned.

17
Q

The smallest hydrocarbon rings contain __ carbons

A

3

18
Q

General formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

19
Q

Cobalt chloride paper turns from blue to pink when…

A

water is present

20
Q

When alkanes and cycloalkanes are added to bromine water what happens?

A

nothing, water remains orange-brown

21
Q

What’s the addition of hydrogen to an alkene called?

A

Hydrogenation

22
Q

What’s the addition of water to an alkene called?

A

Hydration

23
Q

What’s produced if water is added to an alkene?

A

an alkanol (alcohol)

24
Q

Why are shorter chain alkanes in high demand?

A

because they are more useful molecules and are used for fuels like petrol.

25
Q

When setting up the cracking experiment take 3 precautions:

A
  • loosely clam the boiling tube as it will expand when heated
  • remove the delivery tube from water before heating it stopped to avoid “suckback”
  • heat until gas is clearly produced
26
Q

2 signs that a smaller molecule has been made in cracking reaction?

A
  • A gas is produced from the liquid paraffin
  • An unsaturated product is produced from the saturated paraffin
27
Q

General formula of alkanols (alcohols)?

A

CnH2n+1 OH

28
Q

Which 2 ways is ethanol commonly produced?

A
  • Fermentation of glucose obtained from carbohydrate rich foods
  • Hydration of ethene
29
Q

What does the 2 in Butan-2-ol signify?

A

The location of the OH molecule

30
Q

What’s an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction which gives out heat energy.

31
Q

What’s an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction which takes in heat energy.

32
Q

3 Rules of naming hydrocarbons

A
  • longest chain (that includes the double carbon bond if alkene) is the main chain
  • main chain numbered from end nearest double bond (no matter branches)
  • branches named in alphabetical order at the start of the name
33
Q

5 steps of naming a compound

A
  1. go from end to start
  2. single or double carbon to carbon bonds
    (ane or ene)
  3. name longest chain
  4. name branches
  5. state branch location
34
Q

carboxylic acids contain which functional group?

A

carboxyl

35
Q

alcohols contain which functional group?

A

hydroxyl

36
Q

general formula of carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1 COOH

37
Q

where is the carboxyl group positioned?

A

always at the end of the carbon chain

38
Q

what are the 2 main types of addition reactions

A
  • hydrogenation
  • hydration

N5 Chemistry (10 decks)

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