Acids and Bases Flashcards
Acids have a pH of…
Less than 7
Alkalis have a pH…
More than 7
What is the pH?
The pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
When metal oxide is dissolved in water a ______ solution is formed.
Alkaline solution
When a non-metal is dissolved in water a ________ solution is formed.
Acidic solution
Higher concentration of H+ ions
Acids
Higher concentration of OH- ions
Alkalis
Acidic solutions have more…
Hydrogen ions
Neutral solutions have…
An equal number of both hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
Alkali solutions have more…
Hydroxide ions
What is neutralisation?
The reaction of an acid with a base that results in the pH moving towards 7.
Acid + Alkali ->
Salt + water
Acid + metal oxide ->
Salt + water
Metal carbonate + acid ->
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
When an alkali reacts with Hydrochloric Acid the salt name ending is…
Chloride
When an alkali reacts with Sulfuric Acid the salt name ending is…
Sulfate
When an alkali reacts with Nitric Acid the salt name ending is…
Nitrate
What is Titration?
A technique is commonly used in neutralisation reactions and can also be used to calculate an unknown concentration (of either the acid or alkali).
3 key acid names?
Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid
3 key alkali names?
sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide
Ionic formula of hydrochloric acid?
H+ (aq) Cl- (aq)
Ionic formula of sulfuric acid?
2H+ (aq) SO4-2 (aq)
Ionic formula of nitric acid?
H+ (aq) NO3- (aq)
Ionic formula of sodium hydroxide?
Na+ (aq) OH- (aq)
Ionic formula of calcium hydroxide?
Ca+2 (aq) 2OH- (aq)
Ionic formula of lithium hydroxide?
Li+ (aq) OH- (aq)
What is a neutralisation reaction
The reaction of an acid with a base to produce water
