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BIO FINAL STUDY > Homeworks > Flashcards

Homeworks Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process by which cells acquire and use energy is known as

A

metabolism

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2
Q

All living organisms on this planet are composed of at least 1 cell

A

true

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3
Q

All organisms that are classified in the Domain “Eukarya” are multicellular

A

false

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4
Q

The ability of an organism to both survive and reproduce viable offspring is known as evolutionary _____________________

A

fitness

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5
Q

Adaptive traits will ALWAYS lead to an increase in an individual’s fitness

A

true

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6
Q

The physiological process by which an organism maintains internal stability and equilibrium is known as ________________________

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

here are “5” kingdoms within the Domain Eukarya

A

false

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8
Q

What is the missing level in the taxonomic hierarchy? Class –> ___________ –> Family –> Genus

A

order

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9
Q

The Biological Species Concept can only be applied to sexually reproducing species

A

true

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10
Q

The maximum number of individuals in a population that can be sustained in an environment given the available resources in that environment is known as the population’s ______________________ capacity

A

carrying

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11
Q

The study of the patterns in the geographic distribution of species is known as __________________________

A

biogeography

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12
Q

Fossils will typically form in sedimentary rocks

A

true

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13
Q

Based on the Law of ________________________, fossils that are found near the surface of the Earth are geologically younger than fossils found deeper in the Earth’s rock strata

A

superposition

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14
Q

All living beings on the planet are subject to the forces of natural selection, including modern humans

A

true

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15
Q

This domain of life contains single-celled organisms that can live in hot springs, deep in ocean vents, and in high saline environments: ______________________________

A

archaea

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16
Q

The process of genetic drift typically results in increased genetic diversity within natural populations of species

A

false

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17
Q

Based on the paleontological Law of _______________________, fossils and living organisms in the same geographic region resemble each other, but are distinct from organisms found in other biogeographical areas

A

succession

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18
Q

The study of homologous structures yields clues about the common ancestry between closely related extant species

A

true

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19
Q

The study of comparative _______________________ attempts to examine the body forms and structures of different major groups of organisms

A

morphology

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20
Q

Fossilized Archaeopteryx provides an example of a transitional form between extinct reptiles and modern birds

A

true

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21
Q

In the process of morphological _______________________, environmental pressures cause two completely unrelated species to develop similar traits

A

convergence

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22
Q

The majority of mutations that occur within DNA cause negative effects on the fitness of organisms

A

false

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23
Q

Both bottleneck effects and _______________________ effects may potentially cause a natural population to undergo genetic drift

A

founder

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24
Q

HOX genes play an important role in the embryological development of animals; common ancestry between closely related organisms may be determined by examining similarities in the structure and function of their HOX genes

A

true

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25
Q

A(n) ________________________ structure is a useless or rudimentary body part that has an important function in other, closely related species

A

vestigial

26
Q

The study of microevolution examines the changes in gene allele frequencies within a population over time

A

true

27
Q

In ___________________________ selection, the intermediate form of a trait is favored

A

stabalizing

28
Q

In order for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium there must be no mutations, no selection, and active mate choice (mating is not random)

A

false

29
Q

Gene ________________ is the transfer of alleles from the gene pool of one population to the gene pool of another population in a species

A

flow

30
Q

In disruptive selection, both extreme versions of a given trait are favored and will lead to an increase in fitness

A

true

31
Q

Animals in the Class: Chondrichthyes are the first, evolutionarily, to have skeletons primarily composed of bone

A

false

32
Q

The scientific study of fish is known as ___________________________

A

ichthyology

33
Q

The pelvic claspers on male sharks are primarily used for reproductive purposes

A

true

34
Q

In sharks, the _____________________ of Lorenzini are structures that have the ability to detect magnetic fields generated by other organisms in the environment

A

ampullae

35
Q

Bony fish (Osteichthyes) have either placoid scales or ctenoid scales

A

false

36
Q

The swim (gas) ____________________________ in bony-fish (Class: Osteichthyes) is used to adjust for differences in water pressure as the fish moves up and down the water column (buoyancy)

A

bladder

37
Q

Fish have a 2-chambered heart, an atrium and a ventricle

A

true

38
Q

The _____________________________ line of fish contains neuromast organs that allows the animal to detect movements in the surrounding water column (mechanoreception)

A

lateral

39
Q

Anurans are the most diverse (speciose) order of Class: Amphibia

A

true

40
Q

According to the Open Terrestrial __________________________ Hypothesis, amphibians underwent a major adaptive radiation on terrestrial habitats due to the wide availability of resources

A

niche

41
Q

The tympanic membrane of many amphibians lends to advancements in olfaction and chemoreception in terrestrial habitats

A

false

42
Q

In double circulation, the two major circuits in which blood travels are known as the _________________________ circuit, and the systemic circuit

A

pulmonary

43
Q

In the amphibian heart, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the two atria

A

false

44
Q

In the amphibian heart, oxygenated blood moves from the ventricle, through a valve known as the ________________ arteriosus and into the aorta

A

conus

45
Q

Lungless salamanders engage in gas exchange through a process known as cutaneous respiration

A

true

46
Q

The evolutionary innovation of the amniotic egg allowed reptiles to inhabit drier terrestrial environments than amphibians

A

true

47
Q

The _________________________ of the amniotic egg allows the reptilian embryo to exchange gases with the egg’s external environment

A

chorion

48
Q

All reptiles possess a 4-chambered heart

A

false

49
Q

The _____________________________ of the reptilian amniotic egg has the ability of storing waste produced by the embryo

A

allantois

50
Q

Frogs and Toads are the most diverse order of amphibians

A

true

51
Q

The ventral part of a turtle’s shell is known as the _____________________________

A

plastron

52
Q

Approximately half the snake species on the planet are venomous

A

false

53
Q

Most reptiles have ____________________________ skulls, meaning they have two openings in their skull posterior to the orbit

A

diapsid

54
Q

The group of reptiles that are most closely related to birds evolutionarily are the Crocodilians

A

true

55
Q

Newborn young that are helpless at birth and require parental care to survive are known as _______________________ young

A

altricial

56
Q

All birds are ectothermic and possess a 4-chambered heart

A

false

57
Q

Songbirds in the order Passeriformes have a specialized voice box known as a(n) ________________________ that allows individuals to create complex songs and sound patterns

A

syrinx

58
Q

Most flightless birds lack pneumatized bones

A

true

59
Q

The type of feathers of a bird that are primarily used for powered flight are the _______________________ feathers

A

contour

60
Q

Some birds are able to detect and utilize the Earth’s magnetic field in order to help them navigate during migration

A

true

BIO FINAL STUDY (6 decks)

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