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A & P Unit 1 > Homework questions > Flashcards

Homework questions Flashcards

1
Q

The cervical spine is ____ to the thoracic spine?

A

superior

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2
Q

The tibia is ____ to the talus?

A

proximal

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3
Q

The sternum is ___ to the thoracic spine?

A

anterior

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4
Q

The radius is ____ to the humerus?

A

distal

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5
Q

The phalanges of the foot are ____ to the metatarsal bones?

A

distal

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6
Q

The tibia is ___ to the fibula?

A

media

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7
Q

The sacrum is ___ to the lumbar spine?

A

inferior

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8
Q

The 4th metacarpal is ____ to the 3rd metacarpal?

A

Medial

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9
Q

The hallux is ____ to the 5th digit of the foot?

A

Medial

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10
Q

The coccyx is ___ to the sacrum?

A

Inferior

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11
Q

The patella is ___ to the femur?

A

Anterior

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12
Q

The femur is ___ to the tibia?

A

Proximal

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13
Q

The scapula is ____ to the rib cage?

A

Posterior

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14
Q

The humerus is ____ to the carpals?

A

Proximal

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15
Q

The phalanges of the hand are ____ to the metacarpals?

A

Distal

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16
Q

The plane that divides the body into right and left sides is called?

A

sagittal plane

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17
Q

The axis associated with the sagittal plane is?

A

medial-lateral plane

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18
Q

The plane that divides the body into front and back is called?

A

Frontal plane

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19
Q

The axis associated with the frontal plane is called?

A

Anterior-posterior axis

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20
Q

The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior halves is called?

A

Transverse plane

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21
Q

The axis associated with the transverse plane is called?

A

Vertical axis

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22
Q

The plane/axis for shoulder internal rotation movement is?

A

Plane: Transverse
Axis: Vertical axis

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23
Q

The plane/axis for elbow extension occurs in?

A

Plane: sagittal
Axis: medial-lateral axis

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24
Q

The plane/axis for wrist deviation movement occurs in?

A

Plane: frontal
Axis: anterior-posterior

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25
Q

The plane/axis for finger flexion movement occur in?

A

Plane: sagittal
Axis: medial-lateral

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26
Q

The plane/axis for thumb flexion is?

A

Plane: frontal plane
Axis: anterior-posterior

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27
Q

The plane/axis the trunk side bending (lateral flexion) movement?

A

Plane: frontal plane
Axis: anterior-posterior axis

28
Q

The plane/axis for hip flexion movement occurs?

A

Plane: sagittal plane
Axis: medial-lateral axis

29
Q

The plane/axis for knee extension movement occurs in?

A

Plane: sagittal plane
Axis: medial-lateral axis

30
Q

The plane/axis for ankle planter flexion movement?

A

Plane: sagittal plane
Axis: medial-lateral axis

31
Q

The plane/axis for shoulder abduction movement?

A

Plane: frontal plane
Axis: anterior-posterior axis

32
Q

The plane/axis for hip external rotation occurs?

A

Plane: Transverse plane
Axis: vertical axis

33
Q

The plane/axis for thumb abduction movement occurs?

A

Plane: sagittal plane
Axis: medial/lateral axis

34
Q

A muscle at the shoulder joint that crosses the medial-lateral axis anteriorly will move the shoulder into what movement?

A

flexion

35
Q

A muscle at the knee joint that crosses the medial-lateral axis posteriorly will move the knee into what movement?

A

flexion

36
Q

A muscle at the wrist joint that crosses the anterior-posterior axis medially will move the wrist into what movement?

A

ulnar deviation

37
Q

A muscle at the metacarpal phalangeal joint of digit 2 that crosses the anterior-posterior axis laterally will move the finger into what movement?

A

abduction

38
Q

A muscle at the hip joint that crosses the vertical axis posteriorly will move the hip into what movement?

A

external rotation

39
Q

Define Osteon

A

Fundamental functional unit of compact bone.

40
Q

Define Haversian Canal

A

Central canal that contains nerves and blood vessels.

41
Q

Define Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cell

42
Q

Define Lamellae

A

Concentric layers of compact bone

43
Q

Define Lacunae

A

contains osteocyte

44
Q

Define Canaliculi

A

Communicating canals between the lacunae

45
Q

Define what a joint is

A

point at which 2 bones join together or articulate

46
Q

Name the 3 main types of joints and give one example of each:

A

Fibrous (immovable) - include the sutures of some skull bones.
Cartilaginous (partially moveable) - intervertebral disc between adjacent vertebra of the spine.
Synovial (freely moveable) - The knee.

47
Q

Name the 6 types of synovial joints.

A 
hinge
pivot
saddle
condyloid
plane
ball-and-socket
48
Q

Hinge joint is?

A

uniaxial

  • permit flexion/extension
  • ex: eblow
49
Q

Pivot joint is?

A

uniaxial

  • permit rotation
  • ex: neck, lets us say NO!
50
Q

Saddle joint is?

A

biaxial

  • permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction.
  • ex: base of thumb
51
Q

Condyloid joint is?

A

biaxial

  • permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction.
  • ex: finger joints
52
Q

Plane joint is?

A

simple gliding movement

-ex: shoulder between the clavicle & scapula

53
Q

Ball-and-socket joint is?

A

multiaxial

  • permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and medial/lateral rotation and circumduction.
  • ex: hip
54
Q

What are the structures of the synovial joint?

A

synovial fluid
articular cartilage
joint capsule

55
Q

Function of synovial fluid?

A

provides nutrition, lubrication and shock absorption

56
Q

Function of articular cartilage?

A

provides smooth surface for movement

57
Q

What is the term used to describe the combination movement at the carpometacarpal joint (base of the thumb; not the knuckle joint of the thumb) when the pad of the first digit (aka: the thumb) is brought to another digit pad (fingers 2-4)? What is the opposite movement called?

A

opposition and reposition

58
Q

Name the movements that occur at the ankle (talocrural) joint.

A

Dorsiflexion. Plantarflexion

59
Q

Name the movements that occur at the intertarsal joint (subtalar + transverse tarsal joints).

A

Inversion. Eversion

60
Q

Name the movements that occur at the knee joint.

A

Flexion and extension.

61
Q

Circumduction at the shoulder joint involves what movements?

A

Flexion. Abduction. Extension. Adduction.

62
Q

Explain the difference between closed chain and open chain movement.

A

Closed chain - is where your stationary or fixed to something. Example a squat, the feet press to the floor and help raise the body.

Open chain - when the feet or hands are free. Example would be a leg curl machine, when the leg is free to swing down.

63
Q

Name the movements that occur at the intervertebral joints.

A

Flexion/extension, lateral side bending right and left, rotation right and left.

64
Q

What is another term for radial deviation of the wrist? Remember anatomical position.

A

radial flexion

65
Q

Closed chain anterior pelvic tilt of the pelvis is similar to what open chain hip movement?

A

Closed chain anterior pelvic tilt is similar to open chain hip flexion.

66
Q

Closed chain posterior pelvic tilt of the pelvis is similar to what open chain hip movement?

A

Closed chain posterior pelvic tilt is similar to open chain hip extension.

A & P Unit 1 (6 decks)

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