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MCAT Biology > Homestasis > Flashcards

Homestasis Flashcards

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1
Q

7 roles of the liver in homeostasis?

A
  1. gluconeogenesis
  2. processing of nitrogenous wastes (urea)
  3. detoxification of wastes/chemicals/drugs
  4. storage of iron and vitamin A
  5. synthesis of bile and blood proteins
  6. beta oxidation of fatty acids to ketones
  7. interconversion of carbs, fats, and amino acids
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2
Q

Layers of skin?

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basalis
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3
Q

3 ways to osmoregulate?

A
  1. filtration
  2. secretion
  3. reabsorption
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4
Q

Filtration?

A

at the glomerulus, filtrate (fluid and small solutes) passes through, passive

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5
Q

Secretion?

A

acids, bases, and ions from interstitial fluid to filtrate, maintains blood pH, [K+] and [waste], passive and active

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6
Q

Reabsorption?

A

essential substances and water flow from filtrate to blood, enabled by osmolarity gradient and selective permeability of the walls, passive and active

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7
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

stimulates Na+ reabsorption, K+ and H+ secretion, increasing water reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure

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8
Q

What secretes aldosterone?

A

adrenal cortex

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9
Q

What regulates aldosterone?

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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10
Q

What does ADH (vasopressin) do?

A

increases collecting duct’s permeability to water to increase water reabsorption

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11
Q

What secretes ADH?

A

secreted from posterior pituitary with high solute in the blood

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12
Q

What leaves through active transport in the PCT?

A

Na+, amino acids, vitamins, glucose

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13
Q

What leaves through passive transport in the PCT?

A

Cl-, H2O

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14
Q

What enters the PCT through active transport?

A

K+, H+, NH3, urea

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15
Q

What leaves the descending loop through passive transport?

A

H2O

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16
Q

What enters the bottom of the loop of henle through passive transport?

A

urea

17
Q

What leaves the ascending loop in the inner medulla through passive diffusion?

A

Na+, Cl-

18
Q

What leaves the ascending loop in the outer medulla through active transport?

A

Na+, Cl-

19
Q

What enters the DCT through active transport?

A

K+, H+, NH3

20
Q

What leaves the DCT, and also the collecting duct?

A

H2O

MCAT Biology (11 decks)

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