Homeostasis- Blood Glucose

Question 1

Cell Respiration Equation

Answer 1

glucose+O2 –> energy+ CO2 + H2O

insulin and glucagon are responsible for regulation of glucose levels

Question 2

Beta Cells

Answer 2

in Islets of Langerhans produce and secrete insulin

Question 3

Alpha Cells

Answer 3

in Islets of Langerhans produce glucagon.

Question 4

Excess Glucose

Answer 4

converted by the liver into glucogen and stored in the liver and skeletal muscles

Question 5

Glycogen

Answer 5

can rapidly be turned back into glucose. Excess glycogen can be converted into fat by the liver and stored in the liver.
Fat can be turned back into glucose

Question 6

Glycogenesis (insulin)

Answer 6

turning glucose into glycogen

site: liver

Question 7

Glycogenolysis (glucagon)

Answer 7

turning glycogen into glucose

site: liver

Question 8

Glucose reaching the liver can:

Answer 8

1. be used by the liver (cell respiration)
2. be converted to glycogen
3. continue circulating in the blood for body cells to use
4. be converted to fat for storage

Question 9

what happens to all food eaten?

Answer 9

turned into glucose-like molecules
carbs –> sugar
proteins –> amino acids –> sugars
fats –> fatty acids and glycerol –> sugars
Gluconeogenesis is production of glucose from a non-carb source.

Question 10

Deamination

Answer 10

protein is required for growth and repair
excess protein is not stored in the body, it is broken down to amino acids
amino acids are metabolised into a glucose-like molecule (treated as excess glucose) and stimulates use of stored fat for energy

Question 11

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 11

secretes cortisol

stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose, amino acids to glucose and stimulates use of stored fats for energy

Question 12

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 12

secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline
increases blood glucose levels
stimulates production of lactic acid from glucogen