Disruptions to Homeostasis

Question 1

Causes of Disruptions

Answer 1

1. Hormonal disruptions
2. Behavioural disruptions (drugs, activity, diet)
3. Disease

Question 2

Hormonal Disruptions

Answer 2

hyper-activity and hypo-activity both result in disruption to homeostasis.

Question 3

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 3

abnormally high blood glucose level

sugar usually regulated by insulin and glucagon.

Question 4

Diabetic

Answer 4

either does not secrete enough insulin or their cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. Both cases results in high blood glucose levels followed by large quantities of glucose in the urine

Question 5

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 5

Auto-immune disease where leucocytes destroy beta cells in pancreas. Insulin is not produced. Insulin taken as injections or sub-dermal pumps.
Long-term treatment can predispose patient to kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, amputations , blindness and nerve damage.
Symptoms include excess thirst, excess passing urine, weight loss

Question 6

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 6

Can produce insulin, but cells do not respond to it. Considered a lifestyle disease.
Often there are no symptoms until suffer from stroke.
There is no cure.

Question 7

Type 2 Diabetes is associated with…

Answer 7

1. lack of physical exercise
2. being overweight or obese
3. diet high in fat, sugar and salt and low in fibre
4. high blood pressure
5. high blood cholesterol
6. smoking

Question 8

Thyroid

Answer 8

makes both thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine.
affects nearly every tissue in the body.
stimulates metabolism and heat production (result of metabolism) by increasing rate of cell respiration.
thyroxine levels are controlled by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from anterior pituitary
TSH is stimulated by release of TSH releasing factors from the hypothalamus.

Question 9

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease)

Answer 9

Excess thyroxine. Results in rapid heart rate, weight loss, increased appetite, fatigue, sweating and anxiety.

Question 10

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

Answer 10

1. drugs that block the thyroid gland’s use of iodine
2. surgery to remove part of the thyroid
3. radioactive iodine (destroys thyroid gland cells when they take it in)

Question 11

Hypothyroidism

Answer 11

Too little thyroxine. Caused by iodine deficiency.
Thyroid gland may then enlarge (goitre)
Caused by an immune response which attacks the thyroid gland (Hashimotos Disease)
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include slow heart rate, weight gain, fatigue, intolerance to cold, swelling of the face and goitre.

Question 12

Treatment of Hypothyroidism

Answer 12

supplementation with iodine or thyroid hormone.