Homeostasis

Question 0

What cation is most abundant in the extra cellular fluid?

Answer 0

Na+

Question 1

What’s required for homeostasis?

Answer 1

Optimal internal environment of pH, temperature, gases, ions, nutrients, pressure, etc…

Question 2

What cation is most abundant in the intracellular fluid?

Answer 2

K+

Question 3

What anion is most abundant in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

Cl-

Question 4

Describe a negative feedback loop…

Answer 4

A change in some parameter causes the response to result in a return to baseline functions

Ex: rise in blood pressure detected by baroreceptors causing a signal to be sent to receptors in the medulla to dilate blood vessels and reduce cardiac output thusly lowering BP.

Question 5

Describe a positive feedback loop…

Answer 5

A change in some parameter that causes a response to continue to change that parameter. The input is intensified.

Ex: baby crowns and pushes on cervix causing the continuous release of oxytocin from the Anterior pituitary to contract the uterus until the baby is pushed out and thereby ending the feedback loop.

Question 6

Define gain?

Answer 6

The degree of of effectiveness with which a control system maintains constant conditions

Question 7

Calculate the gain of the system to control arterial blood pressure if the baseline is 100, the uncorrected is 150 and the corrected is 110

Answer 7

gain=correction/ error,

correction= controlled-uncontrolled.

Correction=10-50=-40.

Error= controlled= 10,

gain= -40/10= -4

Question 8

an effective control system will have what relative value of gain compared to an ineffective system

Answer 8

the more negative the gain of a system (higher absolute value), the more effective it is