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Peds Exam I > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

what are some risks for dehydration

A 
diarrhea
vomiting
infection
fever
burns
decreased fluid intake
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2
Q

what percent is mild dehydration

A

0-5%

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3
Q

what percent is moderate dehydration

A

6-9%

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4
Q

what percent is severe dehydration

A

10-15%

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5
Q

what percent of dehydration is incompatible with life

A

> 15%

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6
Q

what is the most common type of dehydration

A

isotonic

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7
Q

isotonic dehydration:

sodium and water losses are

A

equal

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8
Q

isotonic dehydration:

sodium values are normal or abnormal

A

normal

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9
Q

isotonic dehydration:

the major fluid loss is from ICF or ECF

A

ECF

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10
Q

hyportonic dehydration:

sodium deficit is > or < water deficit

A

greater

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11
Q

hyportonic dehydration:

sodium values are increased or decreased

A

decreased

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12
Q

hyportonic dehydration:

ICF or ECF is more concentrated

A

ICF

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13
Q

hyportonic dehydration:

water moves from

A

ECF to ICF

into the cells

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14
Q

hypertonic dehydration:

water loss is > or < sodium loss

A

greater

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15
Q

hypertonic dehydration:

fluid shifts from

A

ICF to ECF

out of cells

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16
Q

hypertonic dehydration:

sodium values are increased or decreased

A

increased

17
Q

what is a major concern associated w/ hypertonic dehydration

A

increased intracranial pressure

18
Q

what would VS look like with increased intracranial pressure

A

decreased P, R

increased BP

19
Q 
s/s:
decreased appetite
weight loss
low grade fever
no wet diaper x 4 hours
A

mild to moderate diarrhea & dehydration

20
Q 
s/s:
high fever
progressive weight loss
no wet diaper x 4-6 hours
metabolic acidosis
A

severe diarrhea & dehydration

21
Q

type of solution:
D5W
0.9% NS
RL

A

isotonic

22
Q

type of solution:
0.45% NS
D2.5

A

hypotonic

23
Q

type of solution:
D50
D5Ringers

A

hypertonic

24
Q

what is the earliest detectable sign of dehydration

A

tachycardia

25
Q

which type of dehydration must be reversed slowly

A

hypertonic

26
Q

what are 3 late signs of dehydration

A

decreased BP
metabolic acidosis
renal compensation

27
Q

what is the first priority with dehydration

A

restore circulatory volume to prevent shock

28
Q

what is the maintenance amount up to 10 kg

A

100 mL/kg/24 hours

29
Q

what is the maintenance amount 11-20 kg

A

1000 mL + 50 mL/kg above 10

30
Q

what is the maintenance amount > 20 kg

A

1500 mL + 20 mL/kg about 20

31
Q

what is the normal UO / hr

neonate

A

12 mL/hr

32
Q

what is the normal UO / hr

infant

A

22 mL/hr

33
Q

what is the normal UO / hr

child

A

28 mL/hr

34
Q

what is the normal UO / hr

adolescent

A

33-35 mL/hr

35
Q

what is the amount of ORT for mild dehydration

A

50 mL/kg over 4 hours

36
Q

what is the amount of ORT for moderate dehydration

A

100 mL/kg in 4 hours

37
Q

which supplement has been associated with fewer episodes of diarrhea

A

zinc

Peds Exam I (24 decks)

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