Homeostasis Flashcards
what are some risks for dehydration
diarrhea vomiting infection fever burns decreased fluid intake
what percent is mild dehydration
0-5%
what percent is moderate dehydration
6-9%
what percent is severe dehydration
10-15%
what percent of dehydration is incompatible with life
> 15%
what is the most common type of dehydration
isotonic
isotonic dehydration:
sodium and water losses are
equal
isotonic dehydration:
sodium values are normal or abnormal
normal
isotonic dehydration:
the major fluid loss is from ICF or ECF
ECF
hyportonic dehydration:
sodium deficit is > or < water deficit
greater
hyportonic dehydration:
sodium values are increased or decreased
decreased
hyportonic dehydration:
ICF or ECF is more concentrated
ICF
hyportonic dehydration:
water moves from
ECF to ICF
into the cells
hypertonic dehydration:
water loss is > or < sodium loss
greater
hypertonic dehydration:
fluid shifts from
ICF to ECF
out of cells
hypertonic dehydration:
sodium values are increased or decreased
increased
what is a major concern associated w/ hypertonic dehydration
increased intracranial pressure
what would VS look like with increased intracranial pressure
decreased P, R
increased BP
s/s: decreased appetite weight loss low grade fever no wet diaper x 4 hours
mild to moderate diarrhea & dehydration
s/s: high fever progressive weight loss no wet diaper x 4-6 hours metabolic acidosis
severe diarrhea & dehydration
type of solution:
D5W
0.9% NS
RL
isotonic
type of solution:
0.45% NS
D2.5
hypotonic
type of solution:
D50
D5Ringers
hypertonic
what is the earliest detectable sign of dehydration
tachycardia
which type of dehydration must be reversed slowly
hypertonic
what are 3 late signs of dehydration
decreased BP
metabolic acidosis
renal compensation
what is the first priority with dehydration
restore circulatory volume to prevent shock
what is the maintenance amount up to 10 kg
100 mL/kg/24 hours
what is the maintenance amount 11-20 kg
1000 mL + 50 mL/kg above 10
what is the maintenance amount > 20 kg
1500 mL + 20 mL/kg about 20
what is the normal UO / hr
neonate
12 mL/hr
what is the normal UO / hr
infant
22 mL/hr
what is the normal UO / hr
child
28 mL/hr
what is the normal UO / hr
adolescent
33-35 mL/hr
what is the amount of ORT for mild dehydration
50 mL/kg over 4 hours
what is the amount of ORT for moderate dehydration
100 mL/kg in 4 hours
which supplement has been associated with fewer episodes of diarrhea
zinc
