Homeostasis Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
A complex process that maintains the internal enviroment of an organism within a set limit so that the cell and system can function properly.
List the Stimulas respond model in order and what they do.
- Stimulas - the change in enviroment
- Receptor - stimulas is detected by a receptor in the body, a chemical or electrical signal is sent to the modulator
- Modulator - recieve information from the receptor
- Effector - cell or organ that respond to the signal
- Response - any change in the function of the target cell or organ.
What types of feedback loops are there?
Positive feedback loops
Negative feedback loops
What is Positive Feedback loop? Give example.
A stimulas-response in which the response increases the stimulas. Childbirth is an example as the stimulas is push and the reponse is push promotion.
What is Negative feedback loops? Give example.
A stimulas-response model in which the response coounter the change in enviroment (stimulas). Example would be sweating to cool down from overheating enviroment.
What does Hyperglacaemia mean? Give stimulas response rough model.
Hyperglacaemia = High blood sugar or high glucose.
1. Stimulas - High blood sugar
2. Receptor - inglet of langerham of Pancreas
3. Modulator - Beta cells within pancreas
4. Effector - i. Liver responds
ii. Skeletal muscels and fat cells.
5. Response - i. increase uptake of insulin.
ii. More glucose turining into glycogen.
How does insulin regulate glucose levels?
Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle and fat cells by increasing the amount of glucose transporters in their plasma membranes1and increases the production of glycogen in the liver by liver cells.
What are Carbohydrates?
are the sugars, starches and fibres found in fruits, grains, vegies and milk
What is glucose? How does is travel?
Is a six carbon that is important in celluar resperation, commonly known as sugar and travels via glucose transporters.
What is Glycogen?
A polysaccheride (long chain) of glucose that stores energy. It is the main storage of glucose in the body.
What is Glycogenesis? When does it happen?
Is the process that joins glucose absorbed by skeletal muscels and liver cells together into glycogen. It is caused by Beta cells secreting insulin occures when blood glucose levels are suffiently high and has excess needing to be stored.
What is Glycogenolysis? What hormone causes and when does is occur?
Glycogenolysis is the process when glycogen is broken down into glucose. It is caused by alpha cells secreting glucagon and occurs when the body in fasting or in need to glucose due to low blood glucose levels.
What is a modulator? Give example of one in thermoregulation and glucose.
The modulator is the control centre that recieves the information from the receptor and processes it.
In thermoregulation the modulator is the; Hypothalamus.
Glucose regulation; Isle of Langerhan (Beta Cells - insulin or Alpha cells - glucagon)
What is the effector? Give example of one in thermoregulation and glucose.
The effector is the organ or cell that recieves the Modulator (control centre) and acts out accordingly to counteract.
Thermoregulation; sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, cells, skin aterioles, skeletal muscles.
Glucose regulation: Liver and Skeletal Muscels.
What is a response? Give example from thermoregulation and glucose regulation.
The response or change would be the counteraction to the change in the enviroment.
Thermoregulation: sweat, vasodilation, flatten hair, behavior change, vasoconstriction, shivering, goosbumps.
Glucose: Glycogenesis or Glycogenolysis.
