Guided Notes Cards AOS1 U3

Question 1

List as many different between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 1

1. Prokaryotes don’t have membrane bound organelles whereas Eukaryotes do.
2. There is no nucleus in prokaryotic for its DNA to store in whereas a Eukaryotic cell does have a nuclease.
3. Prokaryotic have circular DNA whereas Eukaryotic have linear DNA.

Question 2

Define: Molecular Specificity

Answer 2

When two molecules have a complementary shape to each other.

Question 3

Give the monomer, elements, example of Carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose

Question 4

Give the monomer, element and example of Lipids?

Answer 4

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Phospholipids

Question 5

Give the monomer, elements and examples of Protien

Answer 5

Amino Acids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Catalase, Lactase,

Question 6

Give the monomer, element, and examples of Nucleic Acid

Answer 6

Nucleotides,

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus

DNA, RNA

Question 7

What are the 3 components of a Nucleotide

Answer 7

1. Phosphate sugar
2. 5 base carbon sugar,
3. Nitrogenous Base

Question 8

What does it mean DNA is “anti-parallel”

Answer 8

describing how each strand runs in an opposite direction to the other. E.g One strand moves from 5’ to 3’ and the other runs 3’ to 5’

Question 9

What is the mRNA

Answer 9

RNA molecules that are produced
during transcription and carry
genetic information from the
nucleus to the ribosomes

Question 10

What is the tRNA

Answer 10

Transfer RNA (tRNA) , RNA molecules that are produced and delivers specific amino acids to
the ribosome after recognizing
specific nucleotide sequences
on mRNA

Question 11

Draw a nucleotide. label it and the 5’ and 3’ end

Answer 11

Do by book

Question 12

What is the rRNA.

Answer 12

ribosomal RNA and it serves as the main structural component of ribosomes within cells.

Question 13

Name and compare the structure, sugar, nucleotides of DNA and RNA

Answer 13

DNA: duoble stranded, deoxyribose sugar, Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Question 14

What is the promoter Region?

Answer 14

This allows RNA to attach/bind to the GENE and begin transcribing it into a message (mRNA).

Question 15

What tells the RNA polymerase to begin transcribing?

Answer 15

Start triplet sequence

Question 16

What is the difference between exons and introns

Answer 16

Exons code for proteins whereas Introns do not. Introns are only in eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Draw and label an amino acid structure

Answer 17

H
I
3HN—C—COOH
I
R

Question 18

Which part of the amino acid determines the type of amino acid it is?

Answer 18

The R group.

Question 19

Name all 4 Structures and what defines them

Answer 19

1. Primary structure - Animo acid sequence that is unfolded and made after translation.
2. Secondary Structures - Polypeptide is folded or coiled due to the hydrogen bonds forming between the polypeptide.
   3.Tertiary structure - Polypeptide becomes a more
   stable 3D structure. Covalent bonds are introduced.
3. Quaternary structure - 2 or more amino acids bond together to create another functinoal protien.

Question 20

What is a proteome?

Answer 20

Is the complete set of proteins expressed by a the genome of an individual organism at a given time.

Question 21

What is Alternative Splicing?

Answer 21

a cellular process in which exons from the same gene are joined in different combinations, leading to different and diverse arrange proteins