Genetics Flashcards
Gene definition
Gene is the section of DNA that codes for specific protiens
Allele definition
Different version of the gene that link to specific traits.
Genome Definition
The entire collection of DNA
Inheritance and Heritable trait
The passing on of characteristic from one generation to another. A heritable trait is a trait that can be passed from one generation to another. e.g Red Hair
Genotype Definition
The Genotype is the set of alleles an individual has in their DNA that are responsible for a specific trait.
e.g Brown eyes and blue eyes
How many alleles do we have per gene?
We have two as we receive one per parent.
What are Dominant alleles
Dominant alleles is the allele that if present is expressed and masks the recessive alleles. Always written in capitol letters. e.g BB or Bb
What are recessive alleles?
Recessive alleles are alleles that are ONLY expressed when homozygous (two copies present).
e.g bb or rr
What is a Phenotype
Is the physical expression of a specific trait.
e.g B-brown, b-blue.
Bb -> Phenotype is Brown
What is Epigenetic?
Are the result of genes that have a influence from the environment.
e.g Siamese Cats colouring on the face may be due to the environments temperature.
What is Incomplete Dominance?
It is when two Dominant alleles create a mixture and produce a new phenotype.
e.g RED FLOWER X WHITE FLOWER = Pink flower.
What is Complete dominance
Is when one allele/gene is completely dominant and masks the recessive trait.
What is Co-Dominance
Is when both alleles/genes are expressed.
E.g Brown and white cow.
