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Biology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does homeostasis do ?

A

Regulates internal conditions of a cell or organisms to maintain its optimum conditions to function in response to internal and external changes

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2
Q

In the human body what does homeostasis control ?

A

Blood glucose concentration

Body temperature

Water levels

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3
Q

What do receptors do ?

A

Detect changes in the environment

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4
Q

What are examples of 3 co-ordinators in the human body ?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

Pancreas

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5
Q

What are the 2 effectors in the human body ?

A

Muscles

Glands

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6
Q

What is the order in which the nervous system reacts ?

A

Stimulus -> receptor -> coordinator -> effector -> response

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7
Q

What are the 2 features of a reflex action ?

A

automatic

Rapid

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8
Q

What do reflex actions not involve ?

A

The conscious part of the brain

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9
Q

What is part of the endocrine system ?

A

Glands which secrete chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream

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10
Q

What does the blood do once it has obtained the hormone ?

A

Carries the hormone to a targeted organ where it produces an effect

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11
Q

What is the name of the gland in the brain which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to the body’s conditions ?

A

Pituitary gland

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12
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located ?

A

Base of the neck

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13
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located ?

A

Kidneys

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14
Q

What organ controls blood glucose concentration?

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

What is the pancreas produces the blood glucose concentration is too high?

A

Insulin

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16
Q

What does insulin cause?

A

Glucose to move from the blood into the cells
Lowering blood sugar levels

17
Q

What is excess glucose in the liver and the muscle cells converted to?

A

Glycogen of storage

18
Q

What is type one diabetes?

A

A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin

19
Q

What is the cause for type one diabetes?

A

Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels

20
Q

How is diabetes type one treated?

A

Insulin injections

21
Q

What is the cause for type two diabetes?

A

Body cells no longer respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas

22
Q

What are treatments for type two diabetes?

A

A carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime

23
Q

What is one risk factor of type two diabetes?

A

Obesity

24
Q

If the blood glucose concentration is too low what does the pancreas produce?

A

Glucagon

25
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hormone that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

26
Q

What is the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary?

A

Oestrogen

27
Q

What is it called when eggs are released every 28 days?

A

Ovulation

28
Q

What is the main male reproductive hormone?

A

Testosterone

29
Q

Where is testosterone produced?

A

The testes

30
Q

What does testosterone stimulate?

A

Sperm production

31
Q

What are the three hormones involved in the menstrual cycle of a woman?

A

FSH
LH
Oestrogen and progesterone

32
Q

What does FSH cause?

A

Maturation of an egg in the ovary

33
Q

What does LH stimulate?

A

The release of the egg

34
Q

What are oestrogen and progesterone involved in?

A

Maintaining the uterus lining

35
Q

What are some methods of contraception?

A

The injection
Implant
Skin patch
Condoms
Diaphragms
Spermicidal agents
Surgical methods

36
Q

What are some ways that hormones in the modern reproductive technologies treat infertility?

A

FSH and LH in a fertility drug to a woman
Eggs are collected from the mother and fertilised by the sperm from the father in the lavatory

37
Q

What are some disadvantages of fertility treatment?

A

It is very emotional and physically stressful
Success rates are not high
It can lead to multiple births which are risky for both the mother and babies

38
Q

What does adrenaline do?

A

It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles

Prepares the body for ‘flight or fight’

39
Q

What does thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulate?

A

The basal metabolic rate

Biology (7 decks)

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