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Biology > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens ?

A

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease

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2
Q

What are examples of pathogens ?

A

Viruses

Bacteria

Protists

Fungi

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3
Q

How are communicable diseases spread ?

A

Direct contact

Water

Air

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4
Q

What can bacteria produce that damage tissues and make us feel ill ?

A

Toxins

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5
Q

What causes cell damage ?

A

When viruses live and reproduce inside cells

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6
Q

What are 3 viral diseases ?

A

Measles

HIV

Tobacco mosaic virus

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7
Q

What are 2 bacterial diseases ?

A

Salmonella Food poisoning

Gonorrhoea

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8
Q

What is 1 example of a fungal disease ?

A

Rose black spot

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9
Q

What is 1 example of a protist disease ?

A

Malaria

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10
Q

What are 4 human defence systems ?

A

Skin

Nose

Trachea and bronchi

Stomach

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11
Q

What are 3 things white blood cells do to help defend against pathogens ?

A

Phagocytosis

Antibody production

Antitoxin production

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12
Q

How do vaccinations work ?

A

Inject small quantities of dead or inactive pathogens into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies

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13
Q

How do antibodies like penicillin help cure bacterial diseases ?

A

Killing infective bacteria

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14
Q

What can’t antibiotics kill ?

A

Viral pathogens

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15
Q

What do painkillers do and what can they not do ?

A

Treat symptoms of disease

Don’t kill pathogens

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16
Q

What 3 traditional drugs were extracted from plants and microorganisms ?

A

Heart drug digitalis from foxgloves

Painkiller aspirin from willow

Penicillin from penicillium mould

17
Q

What do people who take part in clinical trials have to be ?

A

Healthy

18
Q

Is it a low or high does given at the start of the clinical trial ?

A

Low

19
Q

If the drug is safe what happens ?

A

Further trials are carried out to find optimum dose for the drug

20
Q

What are some patients given in a double blind trial ?

A

Placebo

Biology (7 decks)

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