HLZ & Air Assault Flashcards
7 HLZ Site Selection Factors (Technical Consideration)
Landing Formation Obstacles Type of Loads Approach and Departure Atmospheric Condition Surface Condition Size of HLP
HLZ Consideration Factors Categories
Tactical and Technical
3 HLZ Site Selection Factors (Tactical Consideration)
METT-TC
Location of objective to HLS
Size of the element being moved
MH-6/AH-6 TDP Size
Size 1: 10 meters
Max Ground Slope: 8
UH-72A/OH-58D TDP Size
Size 2: 15 meters
Max Ground Slope: 8
AH-1W/AH-64/UH-1Y TDP Size
Size 3: 20 meters
Max Ground Slope: 6
UH-60 TDP Size
Size 4: 25 meters
Max Ground Slope: 15
MV-22B TDP Size
Size 5: 30 meters
Max Ground Slope: 9
CH-47/CH-53 TDP Size
Size 6: 35 meters
Max Ground Slope: CH-47 15 and CH 53 6
Size 7 TDP
Desert/Snow LZ
Sling Load AC(Day)
100 meters
Size 8 TDP
Sing Load long lines
125 meters
Size 9 TDP
Sling Load AC (Night)
150 meters
9 Standard AC Formations
Trail Staggered trail left Staggered trail right Echelon left Echelon right Heavy left Heavy right Diamond (most secure) Vee
3 things you can do to an obstacle on a HLS
Reduce, Remove, or Mark
What is an Obstacle
anything 18” high, wide or deep
AC with Max Ground Slope of 6 degrees
UH-1 and CH-53
AC with Max Ground Slope of 8 degrees
MH-6 or OH-58
AC with Max Ground Slope of 9 degrees
MV-22
AC with Max Ground Slope of 15 degrees
UH-60 and CH-47
Air Assault what unique capabilities to CDRs?
Can extend the battlefield
Rapidly concentrate combat power like no other
designed to capitalize on speed and mobility to achieve surprise.
What do PF mainly provide to Air Assault task force
navigational aid and advisory services to military aircraft in AOR.
Secondary mission: provide advice and limited aid to units planning air assault or airdrop ops
Ideally, CDRs assign PF teams to what?
Combat aviation battalion
5 Plans of Air Assault
Ground Tactical (normally developed 1st)
Landing (supports the ground tactical plan)
Air Movement (based on the ground tactical plan and landing plan)
Loading (based on air movement plan)
Staging (based on loading plan)
No existing units below ________ level that are capable of unilaterally conduction effective air assault ops
Division
Lowest level that has sufficient personnel to plan, coordinate and control an air assault op
Battalion
Foundation of a successful air assault op
Ground unit Commander’s tactical Plan
PF prepare equipment in the following order
Radios navigation aids Weapons Essential individual equipment Assembly aids Other items as needed
Air Mission Brief
last coordination meeting of key participants
Aviation assets are designed in to
Lifts, serials, and loads
Load
Personnel and/or equipment that are designated to be moved by a specific AC. Ex. within a lift of 10 AC, there are AC 1 thru 10.
Serials
a tactical group of two or more AC under the control of a serial commander and separated from others by time or space. No more than 6 AC in a serial.
Lift
One sortie of all utility and cargo AC assigned to a mission.
Sequence of Departure
base upon the mission to be accomplished by each subordinate unit upon landing.
Air Assault Company CDR
Overall responsibility Plans op briefs subordinate leaders issues the OPORD conducts rehearsals Rides in AMC AC for C2
PZCO
controls and coordinates ops in PZ. (S4 selects and controls logistical PZs) Forms the control group XO, 1SG, or PL at the Company Level S3 Air at the BN level Establishes commo. plans & initiates fire support and security clears PZ of obstacles
PZCNCOIC
1SG, PSG, Squad Leader or Section SGT at the Company level
RTO
2 radios: 1 on Combat Aviation and 1 on Company Command Net (at the company level)
1 TDP Signalman
Should have a seat on the lead AC
Chalk-linkup guides
1 per chalk. primary duties to assist in link-up and movement of chalks from the unit AA to the chalk AA. (at the company level)
Sling Load Team
A signalman, hook-up man, and static probe man.
AC Troop CDR/Chalk Leader
Responsible for: Seating arrangement loading procedures use of safety belts In-flight procedures Offloading procedures
PF responsibilities at PZ
GTA commo
Inspects sling loads
Prepares site
Assist PZCO
PF Site Team Leader
Supervises: Organizes at OBJ RP Recons Designating sling load points emplacing GTA operator clearing or marking site
4 factor that determine extra PF
Size of landing site
density of air traffic
number & type of visual and electronic aids
tactical situation
Distance between TDPs
TDP X 1.5
ACs with Crosswind and Tailwind limitation of 15kts
UH-1N
UH-60 A/L/M
CH-53
MH/AH-6
MV-22 crosswind and tail wind limitations
crosswind: 30
tailwind: 10
OH-58 crosswind and tailwind limitations
crosswind: 35
tailwind: 20
UH-1Y crosswind and tailwind limitations
crosswind: 40
tailwind: 40
CH 46/47 crosswind and tailwind limitations
crosswind: 45
tailwind: 10
AH-64 crosswind and tailwind limitations
crosswind: 45
tailwind: 45
OH-58 # of emergency exits
2 crew doors
UH-1 # of emergency exits
4: 2 pilot doors and 2 troop doors
UH-60 # of emergency exits
6: 2 cockpit doors, cabin windows
MV-22B # of emergency exits
6: door, Ramp, 2 pilot windows, 2 blow out windows
CH-47 # of emergency exits
11: 3 primary, 8 secondary windows
UH-1N Airspeed
cruising: 110
max: 120
UH-1N Airspeed
cruising: 110
max: 120
UH-1Y Airspeed
cruising: 158
max: 164
UH-1Y Airspeed
cruising: 158
max: 164
UH-60L/M Airspeed
cruising: 150
max: 159
UH-60L/M Airspeed
cruising: 150
max: 159
SH-60 Airspeed
cruising: 146
max: 180
SH-60 Airspeed
cruising: 146
max: 180
CH-47D/F Airspeed
cruising: 130
max: 170
CH-47D/F Airspeed
cruising: 130
max: 170
CH-53E Airspeed
cruising: 150
max: 200
CH-53E Airspeed
cruising: 150
max: 200
CH-53K Airspeed
cruising 160
max: 200
CH-53K Airspeed
cruising 160
max: 200
V-22 Airspeed
cruising: 220
max: 250
V-22 Airspeed
cruising: 220
max: 250
PF primary employment for Air Assault
select, mark, improve, and control landing sites. Engineers in direct support (DS) of lifted ground units.
PF secondary employment for Air Assault
control aviation unit base airfield
perform map and aerial photographic work
perform routine maintenance on their equipment
Graphic control measure
SP: topo feature easily identifiable from the air used as navigational aid. Normally no closer than 3 to 5 km from PZ. 2 min planning time.
RP: 3 to 5 km from LZ.
ACP or CCP
2 key elements of an air movement plan
- Flight routes, w/ flight route overlays
- Air Movement table
primary and alternate for both
3 types of flight routes
Restricted flight route: restricted to heading and altitude.
Flight corridor: extend 200-300 m on either side and 500 ft above and below.
Flight axis: set width but no specific altitude.
3 types of terrain flight modes
NAP of the earth
Contour
Low level
Tactical Integrity of Units
intact on the same aircraft
Tactical cross load
all leader and crew serve weapons on different AC
PZ posture: what is the time before pick up
15 minutes
when to units arrive to staging area?
1 hour prior to pick up
Who makes an air movement table
air liaison officer and ground unit CDR coordinate with PF to make
Who is responsible at the company level for the bump plan
1SG or XO
Load time
3 mins for day
5 mins for night
Flight time formula
T=Dx60/Sx1.84
T: Time
D; Distance
S: Ground Speed in knots(AMC provides this)
1.84: converts knots to kilometers per hour
round up to the next whole # after computing.
Air movement table
1: AVN unit
2: Lifted Unit
3: Lift
4: Serial
5: Load
6: Pick Up Zone
7: Load Time
8: Takeoff Time
9: SP Time
10: RP Time
11: Landing Zone
12: Land Time
13: Remarks
Airloading Table
1: Personnel Equipment
2: Pickup Zone
3: Arrival Time
4: Load Time
5: AVN Unit
6: Lift
7: Serial
8: Load
9: Remarks
Slope Angle Formula
Slope Angle=VD x 57.3/ HD
What advisory is given if slope exceeds AC requirements
Terminate at a hover
Approach and Departure buffer?
50 meters or 5:1 ration (whichever is greater)
Added to approach and departure ends of the HLS.
10 meters to both sides of the HLS.
Density Altitude
Humidity
Altitude
Temperature
This increase, AC performance decreases
Prioritizing landing direction
1: Long axis of the site
2: Wind direction & Speed
3: Slope at the site