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Immunology > HLA and antigen presenting > Flashcards

HLA and antigen presenting Flashcards

1
Q

MHC 1 has how many transmembrane domains

A

1 domain that is split into 3 heavy chains

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2
Q

MHC2 has how many transmembrane domains

A

2 domains that are equally split into chains

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3
Q

what does MHC 1 also have

A

b2 micro-globulin

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4
Q

what protein makes the peptide binding groove

A

alpha helices

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5
Q

what supports the peptide binding groove

A

beta helices

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6
Q

which MHC complex can fit longer peptides in their groove

A

MHC2

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7
Q

the MHC complex are closely

A

linked genes on chromosome 6

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8
Q

what are the genes that make up the MHC called

A

HLA

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9
Q

class 1 and 2…

A

encode in separate regions

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10
Q

the genes of MHC are

A

stable and do not undergo somatic changes

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11
Q

How many HLA class 1 genes are expressed and what are they

A

6 expressed
HLA-A,B,C, E,F,G,

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12
Q

what are the classical class 1 regions

A

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C

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13
Q

MHC 1 classical class 1 are on

A

all nucleated cells

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14
Q

what are the classical class 1 involved in

A

fighting infections, tumors and rejecting transplanted tissue

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15
Q

what is the job of classical class 1 genes

A

present cytosolic peptides to CD8 + T CELLS

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16
Q

How many HLA class 2 molecules are there

A

5

17
Q

how many MHC2 classical class 2 molecules and what are they

A

3
- HLA-DR
-HLA-DQ
- HLA-DP

18
Q

what is the job of HLA classical class 2 molecules

A

present peptides from extracellular microorganisms to CD4+T cells which activate adaptive immune system

19
Q

what makes HLA 2 classical class different from 1

A

primarily expressed on antigen presenting cells ( dendritic cells, b cells)

20
Q

HLA is inherited as

A

haplotypes

21
Q

entire… from each parent

A

MHC

22
Q

….is rare and no…

A

recombination
gene rearrangement

23
Q

what type of expression is the HLA

A

co-dominant expression

24
Q

MHC is highly

A

polymorphic

25
Q

why is MHC polymorphic

A

amino acids substitutions in domains that bind peptide and interact with TCR

26
Q

in what domains are the substitutions mainly occuring for class 1

A

Alpha one and two domains ( they are polymorphic)

27
Q

in what domains are the substitutions mainly occuring for class 2 DR

A

only Beta one is polymorphic

28
Q

one benefit from MHC polymorphism

A

-more peptides allow stronger immunity to more pathogens

29
Q

what are three non benefits of MHC polymorphism

A

-rejection of transplanted organs
- disease association
- drug hypersensitivity

30
Q

What are the steps of class 1 peptide loading ( look at graph)

A

-the class 1 heavy chain is stabalized by calnexin until B2 binds

-calnexin is released and class 1 heavy chain and beta 2 form peptide loading complex with TAP etc is the peptide binding groove is held open

  • a peptide is delivered by tap ( goes through proteasome and makes it into the peptide binding groove) of the class 1 heavy chain forming a mature MHC class 1 molecule
  • class 1 molecule dissociates from peptide-loading complex and is released from the Endoplasmic reticulum
31
Q

what are the steps for MHC class 2 peptide loading

A
  • antigen is taking up and is in a endosome
  • acidification activates the proteases that degrage the antigen into peptide fragments
  • the vesicles with the peptide fuse with a vessicle that has the MHC class 2 molecule
  • once in the ER it binds to the Invarient chain which prevents the peptide binding groove to be open

-the invarient chain is cleaved and the CLIP fragment remains in the groove

  • HLA-DM then enters and facilitated the release of CLIP allowing peptides to bind
32
Q

what part of the cells are both MHC complexes brought into

A

endoreticulum

33
Q

what makes up the TCR complex

A
  • t cell receptor and CD3 proteins
34
Q

what are the function of CD3 proteins

A

transmit signals to cell after TCR binds peptide/MHC

35
Q

TCR makes…

A

contact with both peptide and MHC

36
Q

TCR recognizes

A

amino acid side chain

37
Q

what two things add specificity

A

CD4 and CD8

38
Q

CD4 binds to

A

beta 2 domain and releases interleukins to drive immune response

39
Q

CD8 binds to

A

alpha 3 domain and lyse the infected or transformed cell

Immunology (8 decks)

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