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Immunology > Cells Snd Molecules Of Immune System > Flashcards

Cells Snd Molecules Of Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

what make up the immune system

A

Collection of tissues and specialized cells

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2
Q

What are the two mechanisms of the immune system

A

Innate and Adaptive

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3
Q

Innate is

A

-fast, immediate, non-specific
- (humoral) soluble
- cellular

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4
Q

adaptive is

A

slow, specific memory
Humoral (antibodies)
Cellular (T cells)

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5
Q

Vaccine relies on which system

A

adaptive

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6
Q

what are the first line

A

Fixed defenses

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7
Q

primary lymphoid tissues are

A

where cells are generated and develop

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8
Q

Secondary lymphoid tissues

A

sites of immune activation

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9
Q

What cell is the mother to them all

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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10
Q

what are the two categories in the innate immune system

A

Phagocytes
Granulocytes

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11
Q

What are the two categories in the adaptive system

A

T and B cells

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12
Q

What make up the granulocytes

A

neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Platelets
Erythrocytes

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13
Q

what make up the phagocytes

A

dendritic cell
monocytes
neutrophil
eosinophil

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14
Q

what cell is in both the innate and adaptive system

A

dendritic cell

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15
Q

what is the purpose of the lymphatic system

A

network of vessels and organs that drain the fluid from the tissue

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16
Q

what does the lymphatic system collect

A

microbial antigens

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17
Q

afferent…

A

brings lymph into the node ( subcapular sinus)

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18
Q

efferent…

A

carries filtered lymph from the node

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19
Q

what directs T and B cells

A

Reticular fibers and Stromal cells

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20
Q

production of what directs T and B cells

A

chemokines

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21
Q

what are the splenic parenchyma

A

Red pulp and white pulp

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22
Q

what is red pulp

A

blood filled vascular sinusoids

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23
Q

what is white pulp

A

lymphocyte rich

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24
Q

what is the function of red and white pulp

A
  • filters blood, removes old damages RBCs
  • support T and B cell responses , generation of plasma cells
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25
Q

Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern ( PAMPS) are recognized by

A

germ line- encoded Pattern Recognition Receptors

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26
Q

what are the PRRs

A

toll like
nod like
RIG like
Scavenger

27
Q

Antigen receptors are the result of

A

gene rearrangement and are highly variable

28
Q

what are examples of antigen receptors

A

BCR ( antibody)
TCR

29
Q

Innate recognition receptors include

A

soluble and cell-associated proteins

30
Q

what is an important component of innate immunity

A

Inflammation

31
Q

what cytokines are associated with inflammation

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

32
Q

What is the function of granulocytes

A

Engulf, trap, kill, expel and recruit other immune cells

33
Q

Neutrophil

A
  • most abundant
  • short life span, high turnover
  • recruited to sites of infection
  • phagocytosis and killing
34
Q

Eosinophil

A
  • take up acid dyes
  • defense against parasites
  • phagocytic
  • involved in asthma and allergies
35
Q

Basophil

A
  • take up basic dyes
  • NOT phagocytic
  • contains histamines- vasodilation
  • Defense in parasitic infections
36
Q

Mast cells are

A

tissue- resident granulocyte
contain histamine ( key in allergies)

37
Q

Where are reserves of neutrophil stored

A

bone marrow

38
Q

PAMPs and TLRs are apart of what system

A

innate immunity

39
Q

Monocytes are produced where

A

bone marrow and circulate the blood

40
Q

what is the function of macrophages

A

ingestion of microbes
clearance of dead/apoptotic cells
secretion of cytokines
antigen presentation
repair of damaged tissue

41
Q

Natural killers do not express

A

specific antigen receptors

42
Q

how do nk kill

A

releasing perforin and granzymes when in close contact of the target cell

43
Q

how are nk cells activated

A

express both inhibitory and activtating receptors but IgG antibody is a strong activating signal

44
Q

what is the job of antigen presenting cells

A

capture antigens and display them to lymphocytes

45
Q

what are two APCs

A

dendritic- active naive t cells
Plasmacytoid DCs recognize nucleic acids of viruses

46
Q

what do Plasmacytoid produce

A

Type 1 IFNs

47
Q

Adaptive immunity relies on

A

lymphocytes

48
Q

what origintates in the bone marrow

A

T and B cells

49
Q

what effector cells do T and B cells become

A

CD4 or CD8

Plasma cells

50
Q

what organ does T cell require

A

thymus for development

51
Q

BCR ( b cell receptor) recognizes

A

soluble antigens

52
Q

what does BCR secrete

A

Antibodies/ immunoglobulins

53
Q

what does TCR recognize

A

antigens expressed on the surface of the cell

54
Q

TCR can only see antigen in the

A

major histocompatibility complex

55
Q

t cells are

A

cell mediated

56
Q

b cells are

A

humoral immunity

57
Q

job of b cells

A

recognize and present antigen and produce antibody
- maintain immune memory

58
Q

CD4+T helps

A

B cells make antibodies and produce cytokines to recruit phagocytes and activate other luekocytes

59
Q

CD8+T

A

kills virus-infected and tumor cells via perforin and granzymes

60
Q

MHC job is

A

present antigen fragments to T and B cells

61
Q

Lymphocyte bearing receptors (T and B cells) become

A

effector cells

62
Q

innate response occurs
adaptive response occurs

A

in the first week
following the second week

63
Q

what remains after the effector phase

A

memory cells

64
Q

what are the benefits of repeat exposure

A
  • memory pool has faster response time
  • rapid proliferation
  • rapid activation
  • lower activation threshold

Immunology (8 decks)

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