Cells Snd Molecules Of Immune System Flashcards by Q Hodge

what make up the immune system

Collection of tissues and specialized cells

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What are the two mechanisms of the immune system

Innate and Adaptive

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Innate is

-fast, immediate, non-specific
- (humoral) soluble
- cellular

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adaptive is

slow, specific memory
Humoral (antibodies)
Cellular (T cells)

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Vaccine relies on which system

adaptive

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what are the first line

Fixed defenses

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primary lymphoid tissues are

where cells are generated and develop

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Secondary lymphoid tissues

sites of immune activation

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What cell is the mother to them all

Hematopoietic stem cells

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what are the two categories in the innate immune system

Phagocytes
Granulocytes

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What are the two categories in the adaptive system

T and B cells

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What make up the granulocytes

neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Platelets
Erythrocytes

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what make up the phagocytes

dendritic cell
monocytes
neutrophil
eosinophil

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what cell is in both the innate and adaptive system

dendritic cell

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what is the purpose of the lymphatic system

network of vessels and organs that drain the fluid from the tissue

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what does the lymphatic system collect

microbial antigens

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afferent…

brings lymph into the node ( subcapular sinus)

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efferent…

carries filtered lymph from the node

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what directs T and B cells

Reticular fibers and Stromal cells

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production of what directs T and B cells

chemokines

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what are the splenic parenchyma

Red pulp and white pulp

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what is red pulp

blood filled vascular sinusoids

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what is white pulp

lymphocyte rich

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what is the function of red and white pulp

filters blood, removes old damages RBCs
support T and B cell responses , generation of plasma cells

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Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern ( PAMPS) are recognized by

germ line- encoded Pattern Recognition Receptors

what are the PRRs

toll like nod like RIG like Scavenger

Antigen receptors are the result of

gene rearrangement and are highly variable

what are examples of antigen receptors

BCR ( antibody) TCR

Innate recognition receptors include

soluble and cell-associated proteins

what is an important component of innate immunity

Inflammation

what cytokines are associated with inflammation

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

What is the function of granulocytes

Engulf, trap, kill, expel and recruit other immune cells

Neutrophil

- most abundant - short life span, high turnover - recruited to sites of infection - phagocytosis and killing

Eosinophil

- take up acid dyes - defense against parasites - phagocytic - involved in asthma and allergies

Basophil

- take up basic dyes - NOT phagocytic - contains histamines- vasodilation - Defense in parasitic infections

Mast cells are

tissue- resident granulocyte contain histamine ( key in allergies)

Where are reserves of neutrophil stored

bone marrow

PAMPs and TLRs are apart of what system

innate immunity

Monocytes are produced where

bone marrow and circulate the blood

what is the function of macrophages

ingestion of microbes clearance of dead/apoptotic cells secretion of cytokines antigen presentation repair of damaged tissue

Natural killers do not express

specific antigen receptors

how do nk kill

releasing perforin and granzymes when in close contact of the target cell

how are nk cells activated

express both inhibitory and activtating receptors but IgG antibody is a strong activating signal

what is the job of antigen presenting cells

capture antigens and display them to lymphocytes

what are two APCs

dendritic- active naive t cells Plasmacytoid DCs recognize nucleic acids of viruses

what do Plasmacytoid produce

Type 1 IFNs

Adaptive immunity relies on

lymphocytes

what origintates in the bone marrow

T and B cells

what effector cells do T and B cells become

CD4 or CD8 Plasma cells

what organ does T cell require

thymus for development

BCR ( b cell receptor) recognizes

soluble antigens

what does BCR secrete

Antibodies/ immunoglobulins

what does TCR recognize

antigens expressed on the surface of the cell

TCR can only see antigen in the

major histocompatibility complex

t cells are

cell mediated

b cells are

humoral immunity

job of b cells

recognize and present antigen and produce antibody - maintain immune memory

CD4+T helps

B cells make antibodies and produce cytokines to recruit phagocytes and activate other luekocytes

CD8+T

kills virus-infected and tumor cells via perforin and granzymes

MHC job is

present antigen fragments to T and B cells

Lymphocyte bearing receptors (T and B cells) become

effector cells

innate response occurs adaptive response occurs

in the first week following the second week

what remains after the effector phase

memory cells

what are the benefits of repeat exposure

- memory pool has faster response time - rapid proliferation - rapid activation - lower activation threshold