HL Bio terms

Question 1

spermatogenesis

Answer 1

Production of spermatozoa

Question 2

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 2

where spermatogenesis occurs

Question 3

spermatogonium

Answer 3

an undifferentiated male germ cell

Question 4

flagellum

Answer 4

motility

Question 5

acrosome

Answer 5

contains enzymes for fertilization

Question 6

Sertoli cells

Answer 6

gives nutrients to spermatozoa

Question 7

polar bodies

Answer 7

the three cells that are not used as gametes as they are not a viable zygote to fertilize

Question 8

Ovum

Answer 8

Very large fourth haploid cell

Question 9

oogonia

Answer 9

cells that undergo repeated mitosis to build up numbers of oogonia (2n)

Question 10

Primary oocytes

Answer 10

oogonia grows into larger cells called primary oocytes (2n)

Question 11

follicle cells

Answer 11

cells within ovaries go through repeated mitosis

Question 12

primary follicle

Answer 12

A layer of follicle cells surround each primary oocyte- entire structure is called primary follicle

Question 13

First polar body

Answer 13

small cell produced that will die

Question 14

Secondary oocyte

Answer 14

very large cell that is released at ovulation

Question 15

Ovaries

Answer 15

Female gonads. Helps release eggs and where ovulation occurs.

Question 16

ovulation

Answer 16

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary into the female reproductive tract

Question 17

fallopian tubes

Answer 17

ducts that carries the gg to the uterus

Question 18

uterus

Answer 18

muscular structure where early embryo implants develop and pregnancy occurs

Question 19

endometrium

Answer 19

inner lining of uterus

Question 20

cervix

Answer 20

lower portion of uterus, which has an opening to the vagina that allows sperm to enter

Question 21

vagina

Answer 21

muscular tube that leads from external genitals to the cervix

Question 22

testes

Answer 22

male gonads: sperm is produced here in tubes called seminiferous tubules

Question 23

epididymis

Answer 23

the area where sperm are received, become mature and become capable of swimming via movement of their flagella

Question 24

scrotum

Answer 24

a sac that holds the testes outside the body cavity so sperm production and maturation can occur at a temperature cooler than body temp.

Question 25

vas deferens

Answer 25

muscular tube that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during an ejaculation

Question 26

seminal vesicles

Answer 26

small glands that produce and add seminal fluid to the semen

Question 27

prostate gland

Answer 27

a gland that produces much of the semen, including carbs for the sperm

Question 28

zona pellucida

Answer 28

the protective layer around the ovum (egg) that allows the sperm to fertilize it

Question 29

pronucleus

Answer 29

a small nucleus inside a fertilized egg cell that contains genetic information from the mother and father before they merge to form a new cell.

Question 30

Graafian follicle

Answer 30

a fluid-filled sac in a woman’s ovary that contains a developing egg.

Question 31

polyspermy

Answer 31

rare event of multiple spermatozoon fertilizing the ovum

Question 32

cortical reaction

Answer 32

the process of releasing of enzymes from the egg’s outer layer to harden it, preventing additional sperm from entering and fertilizing the egg.

Question 33

cortical granules

Answer 33

vesicles that release their contents during fertilization to prevent other sperm from entering the egg.

Question 34

continuous variation

Answer 34

when an array of possible phenotypes can be produced
(bell shaped graph)

Question 35

discrete variation

Answer 35

distinct and separate groups

Question 36

Law of Segregation

Answer 36

how genetic information for a specific trait is passed from parents to offspring, ensuring that offspring inherit one allele from each parent, which contributes to genetic diversity and the variation of traits in a population.

Question 37

Independent Assortment

Answer 37

when organisms reproduce, the alleles for one trait segregate or separate independently of the alleles for other traits.