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Question 1

Estimated average requirements

Answer 1

meet requirements of half the healthy individuals in each life star and sex. there are not EAR values for all nutrient inappropriate to use EAR for individuals

Question 2

Recommended dietary allowance

Answer 2

nutrient intake goals for individuals 97% of healthy individuals in specific life stage and sex. Purpose is to prevent nutrient deficiencies and promote optimal health * can only be established fro nutrients with EARS

Question 3

Adequate Intake

Answer 3

nutrient intake goals for individuals

Question 4

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

Answer 4

highest level of usual raily nutrient intake likely to be safe, not all nutrients have a UL

Question 5

Estimated Energy requirements

Answer 5

mathematical equations, age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity

Question 6

Foods it increase

Answer 6

potasstium, dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B

Question 7

Foods to decrease

Answer 7

soidum, saturated fats, cholesterol, trans fatty acids. solid fats, added sugars, refrained grains

Question 8

enzyme

Answer 8

natural catalyst that speed up a reaction.

Question 9

mucosa

Answer 9

innermost layer of epithelial tissue, produces and releases secretions needed fr digestion

Question 10

submucosa

Answer 10

connective tissue, contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Question 11

muscularis

Answer 11

2 layers of smooth muscle - longitudinal and circular muscle, responsible fro GI motility, berbers are embedded between muscle layers. Allows muscles to contract mixing food mass with digestive secreatoins

Question 12

serosa

Answer 12

connective tissue, outer layer that protects the GI tract. Secrets fluid that lubricated digestive organs

Question 13

bolus

Answer 13

lump of chewed up food

Question 14

GERD

Answer 14

when your gastroesophiageal sphincter isn’t working, which can cause heartburn or acid reflux. It can cause cancer if you have it for a long period of time.

Question 15

Primary protien structure

Answer 15

primary sequence and is determined by the DNA code, determines the most basic chemical and physical stucture

Question 16

secondary protein structure

Answer 16

folding of a protein because of weak bonds that from between elements of the amino acid backbone

Question 17

tertiary structure

Answer 17

folding of a polypeptide chain because of interactions among groups of the amino acid

Question 18

quaternary structure

Answer 18

the combing of peptide chains with other peptide chains of protein