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Question 1

Vad är akinesi?

Answer 1

absence or poverty of movement.

Question 2

Partial seizure

Answer 2

abnormal electrical discharges are limited to only one or a few brain regions.

Question 3

Simple partial seizure

Answer 3

partial seizure associated with sensations or emotions

Question 4

Generalized seizure

Answer 4

abnormal electrical discharges occur in widespread regions of the brain. Characterized by abnormal body movements.

Question 5

tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 5

Generalized seizure. convulsions(the muscles contract and relax)

Question 6

Atonic seizure

Answer 6

Generalized seizure. falling down without muscle tone

Question 7

Absence seizure

Answer 7

generalized seizure. Loss of consciousness

Question 8

Vad är coherence theory och low coherence respektive high cocerence?

Answer 8

Coherence theory: aims to relate the brain’s single-cell activity and EEG activity to the information processing required for behavior. Proposes that rather than brain activity consisting of a number of conscious “states”, a continuum-of-state exists, from high coherence to low coherence.

High coherence: when the EEG is displaying large, slow waves and single-cell activity of neurons is highly correlated(synchronized). In this state, the brain is idling.
Low coherence: when the EEG displays low-voltage, high-frequency beta pattern and single-cell activity is poorly correlated, with every neuron firing at a different time. In this state, the brain is actively processing information.

(Coherence theory underlies the idea that measures, even of small differences in EEG activity, can estimate the information processing status of different brain regions. Thus, EEG can map the comparative involvement of different brain regions in ongoing behavior.)

Question 9

Förklara vad DMN är

Answer 9

When a person engages in a cognitive task, the pattern of activity changes. This suggests that during “rest”, a default mode network(DMN) maintains brain consciousness, whereas during cognitive tasks, other neural networks become active depending on the task. Analyzing DMN with data obtained through fMRI provides insight into what the normal brain is up to moment-to-moment. Can also be used for chilical diagnosis: ex. alterations in DMN activity are used to investigate behavioral changes associated with schizophrenia.

Question 10

Hur produceras cell-rytmer och vad är en generator?
Cell rhythms are produced in a number of ways. Some cells in the thalamus or brainstem act as pacemakers, driving the graded potentials of cortical cells. Interneurons within the cortex, connected to many dozens of adjacent cells, also discharge rhythmically, driving those rhythms. Cells also have intrinsic rhythms, and the connections between adjacent neurons can serve to synchronize those patterns. Finally, the cells’ rhythms can fluctuate with heart rate. Cell rhythms are produced in a number of ways. Some cells in the thalamus or brainstem act as pacemakers, driving the graded potentials of cortical cells. Interneurons within the cortex, connected to many dozens of adjacent cells, also discharge rhythmically, driving those rhythms. Cells also have intrinsic rhythms, and the connections between adjacent neurons can serve to synchronize those patterns. Finally, the cells’ rhythms can fluctuate with heart rate.

Generator: the part of the neuron’s membrane that produces it is called the signal’s generator. The many different waves recorded at a single location correspond to the generator’s response to changing inputs.