HIV shit

Question 1

Full form of HIV and AIDS

Answer 1

HIV- Human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS- Acquired immunodeficient syndrome

Question 2

Describe the structure of HIV (out to in)

Answer 2

1. Attachment protein
2. lipid envelope
3. matrix
4. Capsid
5. Reverse transcriptase and RNA

Question 3

How does a HIV virus replicate?

Answer 3

1. Hi virus enters the bloodstream and attached to T helper lymphocytes.
2. Capsid attached to the cell membrane and the RNA enters the T cell.
3. Reverse transcriptase turns RNA into DNA.
4. HIV DNA enters T cell’s nucleus.
5. mRNA made from HIV DNA and more HIV particles are made using the T cell’s protein synthesis mechanisms.
6. T cell membrane used to form the lipid envelope as well as the new HIV particles form the replicated virus.

Question 4

Describe the ELISA test

Answer 4

1. Sample applied to a surface- wash to remove excess antigens.
2. Antibodies applied- wash to remove unattached antibodies.
3. Second antibody applied with an enzyme attached to it.
4. Colorless substrate complementary to that enzyme is applied, which changes color when enzyme acts on it.
5. The color intensity tells us about the amount of antigen present.

Question 5

Why do anti-biotics not work on viruses

Answer 5

No metabolic mechanisms or cell structures to destroy in a virus

Question 6

How can HIV lead to death?

Answer 6

1. It damages T cells which damages the cell-mediated response.
2. Body becomes susceptible to other infections
3. Secondary diseases cause death