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MOD > HIV Infections > Flashcards

HIV Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

“PCP” - pneumocystis pneumonia

  • produces lung infection (consolidates alveoli in lungs – filled with microorganisms and sometimes absent inflammatory response)
  • anchor to type 1 pneumocytes: material is rarely coughed up
  • low CD4 counts ( AIDS
  • silver stain, “crushed ping-pong balls”, ground glass opacities of lungs (filled w/ air or fluid)
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2
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

tumor caused by infection with human herpevirus 8 (virally induced)

  • plaques on skin
  • overgrowth of little blood vessels
    • PCP = AIDS
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3
Q

What product of PCP can be tested in the blood?

A

1-3-beta-d-glucan

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4
Q

Mycobacterial infections consist of

A

TB and atypical mycobacterium

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5
Q

What is the a confined complex of M tuberculosis called?

A

Ghon Focus or complex

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6
Q

Signs of TB in lungs

A

caseous necrosis, granuloma formation w/ giant cells, acid-fast bacilli

  • worse at apices
  • macrophages can form granulomas
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7
Q

Miliary Tuberculosis

A

invasion of bloodstream (seen in spleen)

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8
Q

What enzymes are active in TB?

A

Perforin and granulysin (from CD8)

- kill bacteria and own cells

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9
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex

A

“MAC” - mycobacterium avium/intracellulare

  • AIDS opportunists
  • RAPID onset (1-2 wks in blood)
  • GI involvement (diarrhea)
  • CD4
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10
Q

Where does mycobacterium avium commonly produce an infection?

A

cervical lymph nodes

“scrofula”

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11
Q

Cytomegalovirus (herpes 5)

A

acquired from saliva, or blood transfusion

- most common presents with chorioretinitis or colitis and CD4

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12
Q

Fetal outcomes of a pregnant mother with CMV

A

hearing loss or extensive brain damage

- calcium around ventricles

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13
Q

What is a ganciclovir implant used for?

A

used in eye to control chorioretinitis

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14
Q

Candida in AIDS

A
  • cause oral lesions (CD4
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15
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

protozoan Toxoplasma gondii

  • cycles between cats and non-cats
  • seen in undercooked meat as well
  • Primary infection mimics infection mononucleosis
  • Diagnosis w/: anti-toxoplasmosis IgM w/out IgG or tachyzoites in fine-need aspirations
  • necrosis in brain, ring-enhancing lesions
  • opportunistic when pt has Ab and CD4
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16
Q

Cyrptococcus

A
  • single, narrow-based bud (yeast), and gooey capsule
  • fungal infection from pigeon shit
  • can cause meningoencephalitis: no inflammatory response, headache, mental changes, CN problems, gooey CSF
17
Q

What stain is used to see cyrptococcus in spinal fluid?

A

India ink

18
Q

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A
  • JC papovirus damages the brain

- CD4

19
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A

infection by C. hominis (human to human) or C. parvum (farm animals)
0 live in brush border of SI (prevents absorption –> diarrhea)

20
Q

Histoplasmosis

A
  • yeast at 37 degrees (thermally-dimorphic)
  • usually from inhalation (starling/bat droppings)
  • becomes a Ghon complex and stays dormant
    • granulomas by g-IFN (anti-TNF drugs increase risk)
  • chronic pulmonary histo has caseous necrosis
21
Q

Coccidioides immitis

A
  • fungus causes mild lung infection
  • “gum ball machine” appearance
  • can lead to deadly pneumonia or disseminated infection
22
Q

Aspergillosis

A
  • fungus that leads to pulmonary disease or disseminated disease
  • commonly follow PCP
  • 45 degree branching septa
23
Q

Spirochetosis

A

in colon, cause of diarrhea

24
Q

Erythroviruses

A

parvo B19

  • produce mild flu-like illness
  • rash and joint pain
  • RBC production failure in Pts w/ hemolytic anemia
25
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

bartonella species, “cat scratch fever”

- bacterial infection in immune compromised

26
Q

Nocardiosis

A

acid-fast bacterium

- can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, disseminated infection

27
Q

Penicillium marneffei

A

fungal opportunist in SE Aia

28
Q

Seborrhea

A

facial lesions appear as CD4 counts

29
Q

Hairy Leukoplakia

A

Epstein-barr virus

  • squamous epithelium on tongue proliferates
  • hyperkeratotic
30
Q

Malignant Lymphoma

A

two types in HIV patients

  • early development: B-cell lymphomas
  • later development: Epstein-Barr virus (primary brain lymphomas)
31
Q

AIDS Lymphomas

A

brain lymphomas around blood vessels

32
Q

What causes giant cell encephalitis?

A

macrophages trying to phagocytize each other

- have HIV gp120 on surface

33
Q

How does HIV incorporate itself into the host genome?

A

double-stranded RNA, reverse transcriptase to copy it to DNA, other (?)

MOD (7 decks)

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