HIV associated Flashcards
Microscopy characteristics of Rhodococcus equi?
Short gram-positive acid-fast bacillus.
*almost coccoid in shape
What is rhodococcus equi a cause of and who should be worried?
Pneumonia.
*people with decreased cellular immunity
How does one normally acquire a Rhodococcus equi infection?
Contact with farm animals.
*in many cases there has been no obvious contact with farm animals
What is Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)?
Is a group of bacteria that are related to tuberculosis.
Which group of people are at risk of contracting disease due to MAC?
Immunocompromised.
What can MAC be the cause of?
Pulmonary infection.
*but any organ can be involved
How to diagnose a MAC infection?
Culture the organisms from:
- blood
- tissues
How does one acquire MAC?
From environmental sources.
What might a child with MAC present with?
Isolated cervical lymphadenopathy.
Drugs used to treat MAC?
Clarithromycin or azithromycin + ethambutol.
*treatment may have to be continued for life
What does Haemophilus ducreyi cause?
Chancroid “soft chancre”
Pathogenesis of Haemophilus ducreyi?
Exposure > incubation > papule a appear on genitalia > papule a develop into painful necrotic ulcers with soft ragged edges
Laboratory characteristics of Haemophilus ducreyi?
Is a fastidious organism.
Requires X-factor only.
What anatomical region is involved in 1/2 of cases of Haemophilus ducreyi? What happens to this tissue?
Inguinal lymph nodes > acute suppurative lymphadenitis > abscess formation.
What antibiotic doesn’t usually work against Haemophilus ducreyi and why is that so?
Penicillin.
Beta-lactamase produced.
