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Microbiology > Amoebiasis > Flashcards

Amoebiasis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Protozoan parasite.

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1
Q

Causative organism of Amoebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica.

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2
Q

How dangerous is Entamoeba histolytica to humans? (Kill many people?)

A

Leading parasitic cause of death in developing countries.

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3
Q

Where is E.histolytica found?

A

Cyst form can survive in the environment for weeks.

Found as an intestinal commensal in some people but does not seem to cause disease in those situations.

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4
Q

What can E.histolytica do to the body?

A

Cause ulcerative + inflammatory lesions of the colon.

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5
Q

What tissues can E.histolytica invade besides the colon?

A

Lungs, brain, liver.

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6
Q

Outline the life cycle of E.histolytica.

A

Trophozoite once in small bowel - active feeding stage

Cyst formed once organism reaches end of colon due to unfavorable conditions - excreted in faeces.

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7
Q

How does E.hostolytica make it to the intestines without being destroyed by the acidic pH of the stomach?

A

Cyst form is resistant to acid in the stomach.

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8
Q

How is E.histolytica transmitted?

A

Faecal-oral route.

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9
Q

Highly endemic area in SA with regards to E.histolytica?

A

Durban.

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10
Q

How does E.histolytica cause ulcerative and inflammatory lesions in the colon?

A

Trophozoites can lyse neutrophils > release toxic neutrophil products
*inflam. Cells found at periphery of amoebic lesions.

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11
Q

What kind of colonic lesions are associated with E.histolytica?

A

Non-specific mucosal thickening

Flask-shaped ulcers

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12
Q

What in the gut normally prevents against disease by E.histolytica?

A

Mucins in gut protect against amoebic adherence to the cell surface and their subsequent lysis.

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13
Q

Once one has had an E.histolytica infection can they get it again?

A

Immunity is normally protective so no.

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14
Q

What is the incubation time of E.histolytica?

A

1-3 weeks.

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15
Q

Clinical features of intestinal disease with E.histolytica?

A

Abdominal pain + tenderness
Bloody stool + Diarrhoea
Colitis
Decrease in faecal leucocytes

16
Q

What are some unwanted complications with regards to an E.histolytica infection?

A

Toxic megacolon.
Perianal amoebiasis.
Amoeboma.

17
Q

What is toxic mega colon due to with regards to E.histolytica?

A

Is a very dilated colon due to inappropriate steroid therapy.

18
Q

Why may one administer inappropriate steroid therapy to someone with an E.histolytica infection?

A

May confuse it for inflam. bowel disease.

19
Q

What is perianal amoebiasis with regards to E.histolytica?

A

Extension of severe bowel disease to skin or fistula us tracts.
May be ulcerative/ condylomatous .

20
Q

How does one diagnose an E.histolytica infection?

A

Trophozoites and cysts in stool.
Trophozoites often have ingested RBC’s
Serology

21
Q

What are some clinical features of extra intestinal disease with E.histolytica?

A 
Liver abscess.
Pleuropulmonery amoebiasis.
Cerebral amoebiasis. 
Genitourinary amoebiasis.
Pericardial amoebiasis.
22
Q

What is pleuropulmonery amoebiasis?

A

Complication of liver abscess >’rupture of liver lobe > hepatobronchial fistula
*sometimes sputum contains necrotic material or amoebae

23
Q

What is pericardial amoebiasis?

A

Unusual complication of a liver abscess.

24
Q

Comment on cerebral amoebiasis?

A

Unusual.

Quick death without treatment.

25
Q

What are features of Genitourinary amoebiasis?

A

Painful granulomatous tissue ulcers

Rectovaginal fistulas > Trophozoites to Genitourinary tract

26
Q

Diagnosis of extraintestinal illness with E.amoebiasis?

A 
Serology.
Imaging techniques (CAT,MRI,ultrasound)
Aspiration: yellow-brown odorless liquid "anchovy paste"
27
Q

How to treat an E.histolytica infection?

A

Metronidazole.

Treat symptomatic people and those with high risks of complications.

28
Q

How to prevent E.histolytica transmission?

A

Good sanitation + hygiene
Vegetables commonly a source therefore wash them.
Boil water.
*chlorination may not always kill cysts

29
Q

How to wash vegetables to prevent E.histolytica infection?

A

Veges > detergent soap > soak in vinegar

*kills cysts

Microbiology (18 decks)

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