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Microbiology > Chylamidia > Flashcards

Chylamidia Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

How can one grow Chylamidia in the lab?

A

Using yolk sacs but this is not routinely done.

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1
Q

What is a feature of all Chylamidia?

A

They are all obligate intracellular organisms as they are unable to synthesize essential compounds.

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2
Q

How does one normally diagnose a Chlylamidial infection?

A

Using flourescein-labelled antibodies that will bind to Chylamidial antigens.
Can also use:
- serology
- PCR

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3
Q

Name three Chylamidial species.

A

Chylamidia trachomatis
Chylamidia psittaci
Chylamidia pneumoniae

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4
Q

What is the most common STI?

A

Genital infection with C. trachomatis

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5
Q

Which clinical presentations are serovars D-K of C. trachomatis responsible for?

A

Genital infection
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Pneumonia

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6
Q

Outline how C. trachomatis (serovars D-K) may cause disease of the female genital tract.

A

Asymptomatic infection of the cervix > ascending pelvic infection > inflammation + blockage of the Fallopian tubes > infertility or ectopic pregnancy

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7
Q

What genital tract infections are serovars D-K (C. trachomatis) responsible for?

A

Females: cervicitis and urethritis
Males: urethritis

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8
Q

What is male urethritis due to C. trachomatis (serovars D-K) normally associated with?

A

Thin watery discharge.

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9
Q

What complications can a male experience when he has urethritis due to C. trachomatis (serovars D-K)?

A

Complications include epididymitis and proctitis.

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10
Q

What is proctitis?

A

Inflammation of the anus and the lining of the rectum.

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11
Q

Which organisms are very common causes of urethritis in SA?

A

N. Gonorrhoeae and Chylamidia.

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12
Q

Which serovars of C. trachomatis are responsible for inclusion conjunctivitis?

A

Serovars D-K.

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13
Q

What two forms does inclusion conjunctivitis due to C. trachomatis (serovars D-K) take?

A

1) Acute purulent discharge:
- occurs in infants, acquired from birth canal (50% chance)
2) Non-purulent conjunctivitis:
- is a more protracted form of conjunctivitis
- occurs in adults, associated with genital infection

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14
Q

Which serovars of C. trachomatis cause pneumonia?

A

Serovars D-K.

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15
Q

Who are at risk of pneumonia due to C. trachomatis?

A

Infants < 6 months old

Unusual cause in immunocompromised adult

16
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

A sexually transmitted condition which presents with genital ulceration.

17
Q

Which serovars of C. trachomatis cause lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Serovars L1-3.

18
Q

Incubation period of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

1-6 weeks.

19
Q

What does a lymphogranuloma venereum lesion look like?

A

The primary lesion occurs on the genitals and consists of a small ulcerating papule that is often unnoticed.

20
Q

What is a papule?

A

A circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid.

21
Q

Natural history of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Incubation period > 2-3 weeks later suppuration period > suppuration of regional/inguinal lymph nodes > chronic granulomatous infection of regional lymphatics and adjoining tissues of the pelvis and genital tract

22
Q

What can chronic granulomatous infection of the tissues of the pelvic area and genital tract lead to?

A

Rectal strictures
Pelvic fistulae
Elephantiasis

23
Q

What is elephantiasis?

A

Skin thickening of the genital area due to chronic edema due to lymphatic obstruction.

24
Q

Which serovars of C. trachomatis lead to trachoma?

A

Serovars A-C

25
Q

What is trachoma?

A

It is a severe form of conjunctivitis.

26
Q

How can trachoma be hugely detrimental?

A

This form of conjunctivitis leads to scarring and deformation of the eyelids. Secondary infection leads to further damage and eventual blindness.

27
Q

Natural reservoir of C. psittaci?

A

Is a parasite of the parrot family (psittacine birds).
The birds are:
- asymptomatic
- life-long carriers
The birds can become highly infectious when stressed.

28
Q

What disease does C. psittaci cause?

A

Psittacosis/ ornithosis.

29
Q

How is C. psittaci transmitted?

A

Inhalation of dried fasces or infected dust.

30
Q

What conditions can C. psittaci cause?

A

Mild pneumonia
Severe pneumonia
Infective endocarditis (rare complication)

31
Q

What does C. pneumoniae cause?

A

Community acquired pneumonia.

32
Q

How is C. pneumoniae spread?

A

Person to person.

*no known animal reservoirs

33
Q

Which antibiotic class is used to treat Chylamidial infections?

A

Tetracyclines

34
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat Chylmidial infections?

A

Doxycycline.

35
Q

What appropriate specimens can be sent to the labs to diagnose Chylamidial infection?

A
  • conjunctival scrapings (trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis)
  • Urethral/cervical scrapings
  • pus from infected lymph nodes (LGV)
  • sputum (pneumonia)
  • heart valves (endocarditis)

Microbiology (18 decks)

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