HIV/AIDS Flashcards
0
Q
Perinatal Transmission Risk Factors
A
high maternal viral load low maternal CD4 count preterm chorioamnionitis PROM breast-feeding vaginal delivery
1
Q
PCP (Pneumocystis jiroveci) Pneumonia
A
Symptoms: dyspnea at rest, tachpnea, hypoxia, nonproductive cough, fever
Diagnosis:
CXR: b/l interstitial or alveolar dz
Sputum Cx or lung tissue sample
Mortality: 5-40% when treated
Prophylaxis: CD4 <15%
Treatment: Bactrim
2
Q
HIV Presentation
A
recurrent bacterial infections FTT generalized adenopathy chronic parotitis chronic diarrhea unexplained hepatitis loss of developmental milestones chronic/recurrent thrush >2yo
3
Q
HIV Diagnoses
A
Screening: ELISA (IgG)
Confirmation: Western blot (>2yo)
Quantitative: RNA PCR for viral load
4
Q
Definition of AIDS
A
CD4 count <200
OR
Opportunistic infection
5
Q
Diagnosis of perinatally-transmitted HIV
A
HIV RNA: -- 14-21do -- 1-2mos -- 4-6mos HIV Ab (ELISA): 12-18mo -- always + right after birth d/t maternal ab's which cross placenta
6
Q
Preventing perinatal transmission of HIV
A
Zidovudine: -- mom prenatal, during labor/delivery -- baby up to 6wks Bactrim: -- baby 4-6wks old until proven HIV negative -- bid 3 times/wk
7
Q
HIV Treatment Options
A
NRTI
NNRTI
PI (protease inhibitors)
FI (fusion inhibitors)
8
Q
Neurologic Presentation of HIV
A
aseptic meningoencephalitis
cranial neuropathy
9
Q
Neurologic Complications of HIV
A
Vasculitis (d/t HIV or VZV) Opportunistic Infections (especially affect basal ganglia) --- toxoplasmosis (calcification, ring enhancement) --- cryptococcus --- TB CNS Lymphoma (ring enhancement) PML (JC Virus)
