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Infection & Immunology > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Define HIV?

A

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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2
Q

What is HIV transmitted by?

A

Sexual intercourse

Blood (and other body fluids

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3
Q

What is the aetiology of Sexual Intercourse-transmitted HIV?

A

Heterosexual intercourse is the MOST COMMON node of transmission
Homosexuals are at greater risk in the West

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4
Q

What are the examples of blood exchange and other bodily fluids for HIV?

A

Mother to child (intrauterine, childbirth, breastfeeding)
Needles
Blood transfusions
Organ transplantation

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5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of HIV?

A

HIV enters CD4+ lymphocytes by binding to their gp120 receptors
Reverse transcriptase allows the incorporation of HIV genetic material into the host genome
This leads to dissemination of HIV, cell death and eventual T-cell depletion

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6
Q

What is the epidemiology of HIV?

A

Increasing in incidence in Africa and Asia

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7
Q

What are the three phases of HIV?

A

Seroconversion
Early/Asymptomatic
AIDS

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8
Q

What is the Seroconversion phase of HIV?

A 
Self-limiting 
Fever
Night sweats 
Generalised lymphadenopathy
Sore Throat 
Other symptoms
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9
Q

What are the other symptoms of the Seroconversion phase of HIV?

A 
Oral Ulcers
Rash
Myalgia Headache 
Encephalitis 
Diarrhoea
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10
Q

What is the Early/Asyptomatic phase of HIV?

A

Apparently well
Some may have persistent lymphadenopathy
Progressive minor symptoms (e.g. rash, oral thrush, weight loss)

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11
Q

What is the AIDS?

A

Syndrome of secondary diseases resulting from immunodeficiency

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12
Q

What are the Direct Neurological effects of HIV infection?

A

Polyneuropathy

Dementia

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13
Q

What are the Direct Lung Effects of HIV infection?`

A

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis

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14
Q

What are the Direct Heart Effects of HIV infection?

A

Cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis

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15
Q

What are the Direct Haematological effects of HIV infection?

A

Anaemia

Thrombocytopaenia

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16
Q

What are the Direct GI effects of HIV infection?

A

Anorexia

Wasting

17
Q

What are the Direct effects on the eyes caused by HIV infection?

A

Cotton wool spots

18
Q

What are the secondary effects resulting from immunodeficiency in HIV?

A

Bacterial Infection: TB, skin infections, pneumococcal infections
Viral: CMV, HSV, VZV, HPV, EBV
Fungal: Pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia, Cryptococcus, candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis
Protozoal: toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidia
Tumours: Kaposi sarcoma, SCC, non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

19
Q

What are the types of HIV testing?

A

HIV antibodies, PCR for viral RNA, CD4 count, viral load

20
Q

What are the investigations you do for HIV?

A 
Pneumocystic Pneumonia - CXR
Cryptococcal meningitis - brain CT or MRI, LP
CMV (Colitis) - colonoscopy and biopsy 
Toxoplasmosis - brain CT or MRI 
Cryptosporidia - stool microscopy

Infection & Immunology (40 decks)

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