HIV Flashcards
3 signs of people who have HIV?
Oral Candidiasis
Kaposi’s sarcosa
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
What types of cells does HIV infect?
Cells with CD4 surface receptor
How does HIV replicate?
Inside the cell
destroys the cell in the process and causes inflammation
Spreads to other cells
Describe the process of what happens when a HIV virus infects a cells
- Binds and fuses to a CD4 molecule (And one of two co receptors)
- Empties contents into cell
- Contents are HIV are single stranded RNA. Converted to double stranxded DNA in the cell (Reverse transcriptase)
- Viral DNA integrated into the cells own DNA by integrase enzyme
- Transription- Viral DNA read, proteins made
- Assembly of proteins to make new virus
How is HIV transmitted?
Contact of infected bodily fluids
eg. sexual contact, transfusion, contaminated needles, perinatal transmission
Describe the stages of HIV
First infected- Viral load increases quickly. When enters bloodstream, you get the antibody response to try to clear the virus
you get a temp drop of CD4 cells
Then period of latent infection (yrs). Virus at very low point. Gradually continues to replicate
CD4 count falls
Below 350 ish. Noticeably unwell.
Below 200. Very severe infections and AIDs
Describe 7 symptoms of acute HIV infections
Systemic: Fever and weight loss Central: Malaise, headache, neuropathy Skin: Rash Liver and spleen: Enlarge MMuscles: Myalgia Mouth: Sores and thrush Pharyngitis
What two serological tests are done to confirm HIV?
HIV antigen
HIV antibody
Other blood trst to confirm HIV?
PCR
At what level should everyone get tested?
2/1000
At what 4 stages are viable for drug interference of the HIV replicatioN?
Fusion to the CD4
Reverse transcriptase
Integration
Maturation
How many (and why) Anti retro virals do you administer to a HIV patient
3
Harder to develop resistance to three
Three ways to prevent HIV?
condoms
medical circumcision
prophylaxis pre and pst exposure
