HIV Flashcards
def
human immunodeficiency virus
an infection caused by HIV retrovirus which infects and replicates in lymphocytes and macrophages
it causes deterioration of the immune system over many years causing immunodeficiency and susceptibility to infection
what cells does HIV infect
lymphocytes and macrophages
what is AIDs
a syndrome of a group of associated infections, conditions or malignancies which occurs after a HIV infection
how long does it take for HIV to become AIDs
6-9yrs
where is HIV most common
africa
aetiology
an infection caused by HIV retrovirus that infects and replicates in CD4+ Tcells and macrophages
what can HIV be transmitted in
blood + blood products
sexual fluids
breast milk
how can HIV be transmitted
sexual contact
birth + delivery + breastfeeding
IVDU
what is the most common form of HIV transmission
sexual contact
what does HIV attach to in order to gain entry into the CD4+ Tcells
CD4+ receptor
co-receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4)
what is the first line in prevention of HIV
condoms
what are risk factors for HIV
unprotected sex
IVDU
HIV positive mother transmitting to child
how would HIV commonly present
Hx of unprotected sex or IVDU
PMHx of recurrent infections or TB or genital STDs or shingles
fevers, night sweats, unexplained diarrhoea lasting more than 1 month (exclude TB and malaria)
weight loss
rashes, oral ulcers, angular cheilitis
changes in mental state (depression + anxiety)
lymphadenopathy
kaposis sarcoma
what infections are associated with a CD4 count less than 50
CMV
MAC (Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare)
PML (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
what infections are associated with a CD4 of less than 100
toxoplasmosis
cryptococcosis
