HIV Flashcards
What is HIV?
Retroviruses
What HIV is in the US and world?
HIV-1
What HIV is in west africa?
HIV-2
What act has highest sexual transmission risk?
receptive anal intercourse
What is 70-80% of HIV infections from?
vaginal sex
How do you reduce the risk with treatment of pregnant transmission of HIV?
Zidovudine
What do higher titers of HIV mean?
higher risk of transmission
What does OCP increase the risk of?
transmission of HIV
What is protective against HIV?
circumcision
How is HIV not passed?
saliva, insect or touching
When do you need to get treatment after exposure to HIV for healthcare workers?
24 hr
What is the pathology of HIV
RNA –> RT –> DNA –> DS DNA
What does HIV infection cause?
decreased CD4 T lymphocytes
What is the requirement of CD4 for HIV to AIDs?
What is advanced HIV?
CD4
What is the first presentation of HIV?
lymphadenopathy - 2 noncontigous areas, persists for 3 mo, symmetric
What are most early symptoms of HIV?
asymptomatic
What are the 9 symptomatic HIV infection?
oral or vaginal candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, herpes zoster, peripheral neuropathy, ITP, human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia, MRSA, s. pneumo, syphillis and hep B/C
What is cutaneous and visceral organ involvement that are raised vascular tumors?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
How do you treat Kaposi’s sarcoma?
chemotherapy regimens
What is an atypical fungus that HIV pt get?
p. jirovecii
How does p. jirovecii present on x ray?
bilateral infiltrates
How is p. jirovecii dx?
sputum sample or bronchoalveolar lavage
How do you treat p. jirovecii?
Bactrim
What is a wt loss of at least 10% in the presence of diarrhea or chronic weakness and documented fever for at least 30 days that is not attributable to a concurrent condition other than HIV infection itself?
wasting syndrome
How do you treat wasting syndrome?
appetite stim - megestrol acetate or dronabinol
