HIV

Question 1

what type of virus is HIV

Answer 1

retrovirus

Question 2

what receptor does HIV target

Answer 2

CD4+

Question 3

presentation of the acute stage of HIV

Answer 3

most are symptomatic 2-4 weeks post initial infection
- fever
- rash (maculopapular)
- myalgia
- pharyngitis
- headache
transmission is high

Question 4

CD4 count that is at risk of opportunistic infection

Answer 4

CD4 <200

Question 5

symptoms of CD4 count 200-500

Answer 5

lymphadenopathy
hairy leukoplakia (white patch on side on tongue- EBV)
oral candidiasis

Question 6

at what CD4 level do patients experience AIDS defining conditions

Answer 6

<200

Question 7

what are AIDS defining conditions

Answer 7

recurrent bacterial pneumonia
pneumocystitis pneumonia
fungal infections- candidiasis of the oesophagus
tumours such as kaposi’s sacroma (skin lesions)

Question 8

prevention of mother-child transmission

Answer 8

HAART during pregnancy
vaginal delivery if undetected load
C section if detected
4 weeks PEP for neonate
formula feeding

Question 9

what to test when testing for HIV

Answer 9

antibodies, antigen or viral load (easiest in early stages)

Question 10

HIV antibody test

Answer 10

HIV IgM and IgG
average window period 20-25 days from exposure

Question 11

combined antigen/ antibody test

Answer 11

done by blood sample
some can test for p24 antigen and HIV antibody
window period 14-45 days

Question 12

cerebral toxoplasmosis

Answer 12

CD4 < 150
reactivation of latent infection, causing multiple cerebral abscesses

Question 13

presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis

Answer 13

headache
fever
focal neurology
seizures
reduced consciousness
raised ICP