early pregnancy Flashcards
chadwick sign
vaginal/cervical purple blue colour can indicate pregnancy
what antibody can pass through the placenta
IgG
what does HCG do
prevents involution of corpus luteum
develops testes in males
what does Human Chorionic somatomammotropin do
produced from week 5 of pregnancy
decrease insulin sensitivity in mother= increased glucose for baby
what does progesterone do
decrease uterus contractibility
preps for lactation
stimulates breast lobules
smooth muscle relaxant
what does oestrogen do
increase size of uterus
develops ductal system
decrease FSH and LH production
thins cervical mucous
drugs to avoid during breast feeding
phenobarbitone
amiodarone
benzodiazepines
bromocriptine
cytotoxics
tetracycline and doxycycline
what does folic acid do during pregnancy
helps to prevent microcephaly and neural tube defects (spina bifida)
when would you prescribe a higher dose of folic acid to the mum
previous NTD
taking anti-epileptics
coeliac disease
diabetes
thalassaemia trait
BMI >30
what would you prescribe for hypertension in pregnancy
labetalol
what would you prescribe for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
cyclizine
what would you prescribe for a UTI in pregnancy
1st or 2nd trimester: nitrofurantoin
3rd trimester: trimethoprim
what would you prescribe for heartburn in pregnancy
antacids or omeprazole
what would you prescribe for DVT or PE risk in pregnant woman
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
definition of small for gestational age
abdominal circumference (or estimated fetal weight) less than the 10th centile
severe= < 3rd centile
definition of fetal growth restriction
failure of the fetus to attain their growth potential
evidence of abnormal doppler studies or reduced liquor volume
low birth weight
any baby born with a weight less than 2.5 kg at any gestation
maternal causes of SGA
lifestyle
very low or high BMI
age
maternal disease (hypertension, renal disease)
placental causes of SGA
infarction
abruption
association with hypertensive diseases
fetal causes of SGA
infection (rubella, CMV, toxoplasmosis)
congenital anomalies
chromosomal abnormalities
who are unsuitable for SFH and will require growth scans
increased BMI
fibroid uterus
multiple pregnancy
prevention for SGA
aspirin for those at risk of pre-eclampsia
smoking cessation
drug services
LMWH in those with anti-phospholipid
who is high risk of FGR
previous severe SGA
previous stillbirth
chronic hypertension on treatment
diabetes
renal disease
antiphospholipid
lupus
abnormal uterine artery doppler
