Cell Quiz #2 Flashcards
Why do cells divide?
By reproduction, growth, and repair.
What is the Cell Cycle?
The entire life span of the cell.
What are the two processes by which cells divide known as?
Mitosis and meiosis.
What is mitosis?
Cell division, but only in body cells.
What are the two phases of mitosis?
Nuclear division (4 phases in this stage) and cytokinesis (division of the rest of the cell).
What are the five stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT).
What does each cell division produce?
Two genetically identical daughter cells.
Are nuclear division and cytokinesis phases that are the only part of the entire cell cycle?
Yes.
How do body cells work?
46 chromosomes divide into 2 identical daughter cells as each daughter cell has 46 chromosomes.
How do sex cells work?
46 chromosomes divide into 2 gametes (sperm egg cell) as each gamete has 23 chromosomes.
What are chromosomes?
The genetic information (DNA) in cells is stored in the nucleus.
What is interphase?
When the cell is growing (not dividing) and DNA is replicated in the nucleus (chromosomes double) towards the end. This phase is where the cell spends most of its time.
What is propahse?
When nuclear membranes dissolve and centrioles move to opposite poles.
What is metaphase?
When the double-stranded chromosomes all line up the middle of the cell and when the nuclear membrane has dissolved.
What is anaphase?
When centrometers split and spindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
What is telophase?
When cell splitting occurs, chromosomes become chromatin, nuclear membranes reappear, and the
How did Camp X prepare agents for their work behind enemy lines?
By covering a variety of intelligence/counter intelligence and infiltration techniques, enduring intense physical fitness training, live fire exercises, hand to hand combat, parachute jumping, and many more.
What is the significance of Camp X in Canadian history? Consider impact (quality, quantity, duration), and relevance to the larger story of Canadian history.
It was significant because it was the first experiment of its kind in Anglo/American/Canadian intelligence cooperation and operated as one of the hubs of intelligence training and wartime communications for the Allied war effort.
What happened during Operation Barbarossa? Why was it significant?
In 1939, just before attacking Poland, Hitler had signed a treaty with the Russians agreeing that the two countries would not go to war. Hitler had always hated the Russians as he disliked their form of government (communism) and thought Russia’s Slavic population were only good as slaves. As a result, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, the codename for the surprise invasion of the Soviet Union. Hitler invaded Russia in June 1941 using his Blitzkrieg (lightning war) tactics. He invaded the Soviet Union (Communist Russia) primarily to gain lebensraum (living space) for his German Aryan master race and for resources. Hitler invaded in 1941 because he believed the Soviet Union was then very weak and that their army could not put up a fight against his experienced troops who had conquered most of Europe. Hitler made a big mistake where he spent little time on gathering intelligence, spying or scouting before the Soviet Union. The General that Hitler picked didn’t even speak Russian. Hitler’s second mistake was the lack of supplies, such as clothes and equipment, he gave his soldiers. In Russia, winters are hard, and the temperatures are often 20 below zero. The bitter cold prevented the German army from fighting and carrying on its invasion as it lost its strength through the winter. The German army was totally unprepared for fighting in this huge country as it was exhausting, it stretched the army to their limit and were already suffering badly from the winter. The Russians saw their chance and Stalin (their leader) counter-attacked near Moscow and Stalingrad using fresh reinforcements which were brought from the far Eastern side of Russia, from Siberia and the far East.
Explain why people in Germany would have supported Hitler and believed that he was a good leader.
People supported Hitler and believed that he was a good leader because not only was he a popular and dramatic public speaker, but he promised a new and better life for Germans and a glorious new future for the German State.
How did Hitler become the only leader of Germany? What did he do to ensure that he would be the only one to rule the country?
Hitler became the only leader in Germany by him and the Nazis winning 33% of the votes cast in the German elections. He ensured to be the only one to rule the country by using the SA and SS to handle enemies and show his power as Chancellor.
Who were the SA and the SS? What were each of their duties?
The Storm Troopers (SA) are auxiliary policemen who intimate and beat up opponents of the Nazis, while the Protective Squad (SS) is an elite squad who served as auxiliary police and later as concentration camp guards.
How did Hitler feel about the Aryan race?
Hitler felt that it must remain pure in order to take over the world one day.
How did Hitler portray the Jewish people? Why did he do this?
Hitler portrayed the Jewish people with large noses, full lips, and menacing looks. He did this because he hoped that people in Allied countries would be persuaded that Jews should be blamed for the war.
Who was Joseph Goebbels and what did he do?
Joseph Goebbels was the head of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry. He tried to take control of all forms of communication in Germany, including newspapers, magazines, books, public meetings, rallies, art, music, movies, and radio broadcasts.
How did Hitler try to control what people read and believed? Why would he do this?
Hitler tried to control what people read and believe by burning the old books from bookstores and libraries made by Nazi student organizations, professors, and librarians across Germany and introducing new books in schools that taught blind obedience to the Nazi party, love for Hitler and anti-Semitism. One schoolbook titled “The Poisonous Mushroom” was meant to install hatred of Jews at a very young age for school children. Youth groups such as Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls trained children to be faithful to the Nazi Party. Hitler did this because the Nazis employed a massive propaganda campaign designed to win the loyalty of the German population.
How did the SS target Jewish businesses? Why was this done?
The SS targeted Jewish businesses by the storm troopers standing menacingly in front of Jewish owned shops. The yellow star of David was painted across thousands of doors and windows. Signs were posted saying “Don’t Buy from Jews” and “The Jews Are Our Misfortune”. This was done because since the German population was filled with 600,00 German Jews, all were targeted for discrimination and eventual death with the rise of Nazism.
Why was this event important or significant?
Because it marked the beginning of a nationwide campaign by the Nazi party against the entire German Jewish population.
What was Kristallnacht/The Night of Broken Glass?
Where pogroms, like Jewish businesses being trashed and looted, dozens of Jewish people being killed, and one thousand burned synagogues, became known as “The Night of Broken Glass” or “Kristallnacht”. It’s also called “The Night of Broken Glass” for the shattered glass from store windows that littered the streets.
Why is this night significant?
Because Kristallnacht marked the turning point toward more violent and repressive treatment of Jews by the Nazis.
What event brought the U.S. into World War 2?
When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour in December 1941.
Why are some Canadians sent to defend Hong Kong?
Because Canada is allies with Britain and wants to stop Japan from trying to take over Hong Kong, a British colony.
Why was Sergeant-Major John Osborne awarded the Victoria Cross?
Because his unit was pinned down by Japanese forces.
How many Canadian troops went to Dieppe?
A total of 5000 Canadians
How many Canadian troops were wounded?
Over 1000 Canadian troops.
What does the word “Blitzkreig” mean?
Lightening war.
Nazi crushed Norway for how long?
2 days.
Nazi crushed Belgium for how long?
18 days
Who is Winston Churchill?
Britain’s new prime minister
What does the RAF stand for?
British Royal Air Force.
What else happened once the London raids allowed the few RAF to regroup?
New pilots were trained and planes came off assembly lines at about 500/month.
Battle of Britain was won by a few hundred pilots, which include:
Canadians, Poles, Britons, South Africans, and New Zealanders.
How many planes did RAF and Luftwaffe lost?
RAF lost 915 planes and Luftwaffe lost 1,722 planes.
What would happen if Hitler could not wipe out Britain?
Then he would turn against the Soviet Union.
What part did Albert Einstein play in the atomic bomb?
Albert Einstein came up with many theories that helped scientists in the making of the atomic bomb. When he realized that such a bomb could be made, he was frightened about what might happen if Hitler and Germany learned how to make the bomb first. He wrote a letter to US President Franklin Roosevelt telling him about the atomic bomb. As a result, Roosevelt set up the Manhattan Project.
What was the Manhattan Project?
It was the name for the research and development program for the atomic bomb. It started small, but as the bomb became real, the United States added scientists and funding to be sure they were the first to have the bomb. Ironically, many of the scientists involved in making the bomb have defected from Germany. By the end of the project, funding had reached $2 billion and there were around 200,000 people working on the project.
Explain on the First Atomic Bomb.
On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded in the New Mexico desert. The explosion was massive and the equivalent to 18,000 tons of TNT. Scientists figured that the temperature at the centre of the explosion was three times hotter than the centre of the sun. Although the scientists were happy they had successfully made the bomb, they also were sad and fearful. This bomb would change the world and would cause mass destruction and death. When president Harry Truman heard of the bomb’s success, he wrote “We have discovered the most terrible bomb in the history of the world”.
What happened on the deciding to drop the bomb?
By the time the first atomic bomb had been made, Germany had already surrendered and World War 2 in Europe was over. Japan was defeated as well, but would not surrender. The US was contemplating an invasion of Japan. Army leaders figured that anywhere from 500,000 to 1 million US and Allied soldiers would die in an invasion. President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb instead.
What was the name of the atomic bomb that dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945?
Little Boy.
How many people were killed in Hiroshima when the Little Boy dropped?
Tens of thousands of people.
What was the name of the plane that dropped the Little Boy and who piloted the plane?
The Enola Gay was the name of the plane and Colonel Paul Tibbetts was the name of the pilot.
How long and how much did the Little Boy weigh?
The Little Boy was over 10 feet long and weighed around 10,000 pounds.
Why was there a small parachute on the Little Boy?
In order to slow its drop and allow the plane time to fly away from the blast zone.
What was the name of the atomic bomb that dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945.
It was nicknamed the Fat Man.
How many days after the bombing of Nagasaki did Emperor Hirohito and Japan surrender to US forces?
Six days after the bombing of Nagasaki.
Who was the lead scientist on the Manhattan Project?
J. Robert Oppenheimer, who is often called the “father of the atomic bomb”.
What was the Little Boy that dropped on Hiroshima made from?
Uranium.
What was the Fat Man that dropped on Nagasaki made from?
Plutonium.
Is plutonium even more powerful than uranium?
Yes.
How many people died from the Hiroshima explosion?
At least 135,000 people.
How many people died from the Nagasaki explosion?
Another 70,000.
Why was Hiroshima chosen to be bombed?
Because it was a large port city with an army base. It also had not been damaged much by earlier bombings. This would show just how powerful the new weapon was.
Why did the Empire of Japan invade Manchuria?
In order to increase its natural resources.
What did Japan do in order to prevent the US from interfering with their plans?
They staged a sneak attack on Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941.
