Circulatory System Review Flashcards
What are the main functions of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, remove waste from cells, maintain the body temperature, immune system, and carry hormones.
What happens in just under 30 seconds?
Your blood moves (circulates) through your entire body as it reaches every one of your trillions of cells.
What is the circulatory system made up of?
The blood, heart, and blood vessels (60,000 km of veins, arteries and capillaries).
Where do nutrients come from in the circulatory system?
From food absorbed by the small intestine.
Where does oxygen come from in the circulatory system?
From the lungs to the cells.
Where does waste (carbon dioxide) come from in the circulatory system?
From cells to lungs and released into the air
Where are other waste substances carried into?
The kidneys to be filtered and excreted.
What does it mean when the circulatory system is a closed system?
That the blood is always contained in tubes.
What happens during the flow of blood?
Blood pumps from the heart to systems “systemic circulation” (to body cells), the lungs “pulmonary circulation” (gas exchange), and then the heart (gets its own supply of blood).
What is blood in the circulatory system?
A type of connective tissue that circulates throughout the body.
What are the four components of blood?
Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, and plasma.
What role does RBC play in the circulatory system?
RBC is a major component (half the blood volume), contains hemoglobin, which allows them to transport oxygen throughout the body, has oxygenated blood (red), deoxygenated blood (maroon/blue), and has no nucleus to squeeze through vessels and capillaries.
What role does WBC play in the circulatory system?
WBC fights infection, which recognizes and destroys invading bacteria and viruses and is 1% of blood volume.
What role do platelets play in the circulatory system?
They aid in blood clotting.
What role does plasma play in the circulatory system?
Plasma is protein-rich liquid that carries blood cells along.
What are the three different tissues that the heart is made up of?
Cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and connective tissue.
What does the cardiac muscle tissue do?
It contracts together to pump blood and contains many mitochondria, which needs lots of energy.
What do the nerve tissue do?
It conducts signals to stimulate contraction.
What two tissues are the connective tissue made up of?
The epithelial tissue and the smooth epithelial tissue.
What does the epithelial tissue do?
It protects the outer surface of the heart from damage when lungs expand/contract.
What does the smooth epithelial tissue do?
It protects the inner surface where the blood flows as hardening or roughening equals heart problems.
What do blood vessels do?
They form a network of tubes that transport the blood.
What do the arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart and have the greatest pressure (walls of arteries are thicker to withstand the pressure).
What do the veins do?
Carry blood to the heart, have the lowest pressure, and contain valves to prevent backflow.
