History Topic 4 Flashcards
Contribution of BCM to res.
*renewed black pride ->People’s Power =“mental revolution”
*Black Theology=moral need to resist
BC connection to SOWETO UPRISING
- demand for educational sytem rep of Africans
- Afrikaans Medium Decree 1974 =inferiority complex (intelligence) +servitude training =oppression
Catapult to front opp to Apartheid
Impact of SASO on Soweto Uprising
SASO 1969 -> 72’ BPC
SASM =educate on BC phil, symp teachers
SRRC (Student Rep Council)=key sector of black opinion
Imp events of background of the 1970’s
*ECONOMIC CRISIS:
1973-oil crisis, higher wages, cost of aparth policies, economic sanctions, boycotts,disinv
UN ban arms+oil embargo=Rand fell+unemployment (80’s) +isolation
*Lack of skilled labour-bantu education
*Durban and east rand worker strikes
*1975 Mozambique +Angola indep=closer bases
*Afrikaner businessmen seek reform
Biko and BC def
Biko=father,most carefully watched person,died 77
*Weakness- power of the mind-“the most potent weapon”=“mind of the opressed” :. Mental lib then phys lib
*Infuse with Pride and Dignity (culture,lang,music,history, dance) +pass it on
*Black=Mental Attitude =opressed racially, socially, economically
BPC ‘72
*Unite all South African blacks into a political movement=lib from psych+phys oppr
*black allied workers union
*black workers council
Tiro affair
1972 @grad ceremony =expelled=boycotts=more expelled
=Alice formation School
Tiro + Tsietsi Mashinini +UWC
Long term causes Soweto Uprising
*Acute housing shortages in Soweto
*Economic Pressure-wage gap narrowed, job scarcity
*The Bantu Education Act ‘53=inferiority
*West Rand Administration =rent increased, lodgers fee, cut money in schools
*new youth cukture=gangs
*BCM
Short term causes
*Afrikaans Medium Decree ‘94= 8+9
*sasm= Naledi @13 June=planning for march
Students mobilised for Uprising
[causes]
-joined org SASM tecc. (1973)
-militant newspaper Thrust
-arrestslinks in exile
Effects of 1976 uprising
-gov dropped drecree +police brutality
-protests=general uprising
1977=17 parties banned
-biko died in police custody
-pityani arrested
-
=international shock
-arms embargo
=1978: Die groot krokodil replaces Voster =“adapt or die”
Total Strategy
*neutralize neighbours
*scrap petty apartheid
*English and Business support
*middle class/intensify class divisions
*supress res while encouraging moderate black pol
Maintain white suprem
Total strategy reforms
- Recognising Afric Trade Unions ‘79
- Granting Independence to Homelands ‘81
- Recognition of permanant urban African Population
- African Middle class
- Tricam
Contradictions of Apartheid 1980’s
Labour: bantu edu, colour bar + pass laws made to make black man manual labour
B/ economic growth =demand for balck skilled workers
Pass laws: self built settlements in ubarna areas, many arrests, sepreate dev isnt practical
Homelands: with “independence” still financially dependant on SA
Legalising Trade Unions
- 60K workers in ‘73 =havoc
- fought for wages and working conditions
*Weinhan commision
=drew workers into centralised Industrial council system=less responsive to needs if memers
=easier to operate =rise in union memebership=federations for more bargaining power
Labour fed created as a result of reform
FOSATU (’79)=non racist, All workers unite—>COSATU (‘85)=populist, Living wage, May Day Stayways
=boycotts, refusal of scab labour,freedom charter (‘87)
CUSA (Council) (‘80):BC
NUM ‘82
SA Gov unbans lib orgs
1990
Mass Democratic movement
ANC calls for a year of rolling action to make country ungovernable 1989
Comphrehensive Anti Apartheid Act
1986
National state of emergency
1985
