History Topic 4 Flashcards
Contribution of BCM to res.
*renewed black pride ->People’s Power =“mental revolution”
*Black Theology=moral need to resist
BC connection to SOWETO UPRISING
- demand for educational sytem rep of Africans
- Afrikaans Medium Decree 1974 =inferiority complex (intelligence) +servitude training =oppression
Catapult to front opp to Apartheid
Impact of SASO on Soweto Uprising
SASO 1969 -> 72’ BPC
SASM =educate on BC phil, symp teachers
SRRC (Student Rep Council)=key sector of black opinion
Imp events of background of the 1970’s
*ECONOMIC CRISIS:
1973-oil crisis, higher wages, cost of aparth policies, economic sanctions, boycotts,disinv
UN ban arms+oil embargo=Rand fell+unemployment (80’s) +isolation
*Lack of skilled labour-bantu education
*Durban and east rand worker strikes
*1975 Mozambique +Angola indep=closer bases
*Afrikaner businessmen seek reform
Biko and BC def
Biko=father,most carefully watched person,died 77
*Weakness- power of the mind-“the most potent weapon”=“mind of the opressed” :. Mental lib then phys lib
*Infuse with Pride and Dignity (culture,lang,music,history, dance) +pass it on
*Black=Mental Attitude =opressed racially, socially, economically
BPC ‘72
*Unite all South African blacks into a political movement=lib from psych+phys oppr
*black allied workers union
*black workers council
Tiro affair
1972 @grad ceremony =expelled=boycotts=more expelled
=Alice formation School
Tiro + Tsietsi Mashinini +UWC
Long term causes Soweto Uprising
*Acute housing shortages in Soweto
*Economic Pressure-wage gap narrowed, job scarcity
*The Bantu Education Act ‘53=inferiority
*West Rand Administration =rent increased, lodgers fee, cut money in schools
*new youth cukture=gangs
*BCM
Short term causes
*Afrikaans Medium Decree ‘94= 8+9
*sasm= Naledi @13 June=planning for march
Students mobilised for Uprising
[causes]
-joined org SASM tecc. (1973)
-militant newspaper Thrust
-arrestslinks in exile
Effects of 1976 uprising
-gov dropped drecree +police brutality
-protests=general uprising
1977=17 parties banned
-biko died in police custody
-pityani arrested
-
=international shock
-arms embargo
=1978: Die groot krokodil replaces Voster =“adapt or die”
Total Strategy
*neutralize neighbours
*scrap petty apartheid
*English and Business support
*middle class/intensify class divisions
*supress res while encouraging moderate black pol
Maintain white suprem
Total strategy reforms
- Recognising Afric Trade Unions ‘79
- Granting Independence to Homelands ‘81
- Recognition of permanant urban African Population
- African Middle class
- Tricam
Contradictions of Apartheid 1980’s
Labour: bantu edu, colour bar + pass laws made to make black man manual labour
B/ economic growth =demand for balck skilled workers
Pass laws: self built settlements in ubarna areas, many arrests, sepreate dev isnt practical
Homelands: with “independence” still financially dependant on SA
Legalising Trade Unions
- 60K workers in ‘73 =havoc
- fought for wages and working conditions
*Weinhan commision
=drew workers into centralised Industrial council system=less responsive to needs if memers
=easier to operate =rise in union memebership=federations for more bargaining power
Labour fed created as a result of reform
FOSATU (’79)=non racist, All workers unite—>COSATU (‘85)=populist, Living wage, May Day Stayways
=boycotts, refusal of scab labour,freedom charter (‘87)
CUSA (Council) (‘80):BC
NUM ‘82
SA Gov unbans lib orgs
1990
Mass Democratic movement
ANC calls for a year of rolling action to make country ungovernable 1989
Comphrehensive Anti Apartheid Act
1986
National state of emergency
1985
Formation of COSATU
1985
Start of Township Revolt
1984
Tricameral Constitution
1983
Formation of UDF
1983
