History timeline Flashcards
Harappan Civilization, also known as Indus Valley Civilization. The archeological remains of this civilization were extracted from towns such as Mohenjodaro, Lothal and Kalibanga
2500-1750 BC
Vedic Era-the creation of Rigveda, the period of Samaveda, Yajurveda.
1500-900 BC
Post Vedic Period - The period following the Vedas - Atharvaveda and Brahmana, Aranyaka, Samhita
900-500 BC
Gautam Buddha - Birthplace - Lumbini ( Nepal ), education - Bodhgaya, First Sermon - Samantha ( near Varanasi ), Mahaparinirvana,- Kushinagar ( Uttar Pradesh )
563 - 483 BC
Mahavira Swami - Birthplace - Kundalpur ( Vaishali ) and Death Pavapuri, Nalanda District ( Bihar )
540 - 468 BC
Bimbisara - King of Magadha who belonged to Haryana dynasty
544- 492 BC
Ajatashatru, the son of Magadha’s king, Bimbisara.
492 - 460 BC
Shishunaga Dynasty of Magadha. Shishunaga was the minister of Haryanka dynasty.
413 - 362 BC
Mahapadma Nanda, the first emperor of Magadha’s Nanda Empire.
344 - 322 BC
The attack of Alexander of Macedonia. Defeat of King Porus.
327 - 325 BC
Maurya Empire
322 - 78 BC
Rule of Chandragupta (Founder of Maurya Empire)
322 - 298 BC
The reign of Bindusara, Chandragupta Maurya’s son
297 - 274 BC
Ashoka’s Conquer in Kalinga War
273 - 232 BC
Successor of Ashoka. Brihadratha, the last king of Maurya Empire killed by his general, Pushyamitra Shunga.
232 - 185 BC
Greek Invasion of India, Graeco-Indian Kingdom.
190 BC
Establishment of Shunga Empire by Pushyamitra Shunga.
185 - 149 BC
Successor of Pushyamitra Shunga, end of Shunga Empire in 75.
149 - 73 BC
Kanva Dynasty overtook power from the Shungas.
73 - 28 BC
Beginning of Vikram Samvat by Vikramaditya, the king of Ujjain.
58 BC
The establishment of a new era by Kushan King, Kanishka.
78 BC
Gupta Empire
320 - 695
The reign of Chandragupta I - Gupta Empire founded.
320 - 335
The reign of Samudragupta. Indian Napoleon.
335 - 380
The reign of Vikramaditya, Chandragupta II. Fahyan, a Chinese Buddhist Monk traveled to India by foot.
380 - 414
The reign of kumaragupta I. Fahyan’s return from India.
415 - 454
Skandagupta’s reign. The first invasion of India by Huns.
455 - 467
The end of the Gupta Empire and its succeeding ruler.
467 - 540
The sovereign ruler of Kannauj. Hiuen Tsang’s visit to India during Harshavardhana’s reign.
606 - 647
Beginning of the Hijri Calendar.
622
Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveler, on his way to India.
671 - 695
South India : Sangam Period
50-1267
Satvahana dynasty of Deccan.
50 - 250
Gautamiputra Satakarni, the emperor of the Satavahana Kingdom.
106 - 130
Vatapi’s first Chalukya Dynasty. (Western and Central Deccan area
500 - 757
Rashtrakuta Dynasty of Manyakheta.
757 - 973
The Cholas of Tanjore (Thanjavur).
850 - 1267
Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Shakambhari (Ajmer, Rajasthan).
973 - 1190
Reign of Raja Raj. Beginning of Land survey.
985 - 1014
Reign of Rajendra I.
1014 - 1044
Reign of King Adhiraj I.
1044 - 1052
Reign of Rajendra II.
1052 - 1064
Reign of Virarajendra.
1064 - 1070
Reign of Kulottunga I. End of Chola-Chalukya wars.
1070 - 1120
Reign of Chola successor
1120 - 1267
Arab invasion on Sindh. Victory of Muhammad bin Qasim.
712
Reign of Yasovarman in Kannauj.
725 - 753
Palas of Bihar and Bengal, establishment of Vikramashila University during the Pala Empire.
760 - 1142
Devpala, the great ruler of the Pala Empire.
810 - 850
Gujara-Pratihara dynasty of Kannouj.
800 - 1036
Parmaras of Dhar.
820 - 1233
Reign of Chandelas in Bundelkhand, construction of Khajuraho Temples.
916 - 1203
Chauhans of Shakambhari (Rajasthan).
973 - 1203
Bhoja, who authored more than two dozen books on various subjects was
one of the greatest kings of India.
1018 - 1060
Gaharwal of Kannouj, Muhammad Ghori defeated by Jaichand of Gaharwal dynasty in the battle of Chandawar (1194).
1080 - 1194
Prithviraj III, defeat of Muhammad Ghori in the first battle of Tarain and defeat of Prithviraj in the second battle of Tarain.
1177 - 1192
Senas of Bengal
1100 - 1199
Attack of Mahmud Ghaznavi.
1000 - 1199
Attack of Muhammad Ghori. Victory of Gujarat. After the battles of
Tarain, Muhammad Ghori announces an independent government.
Establishment of Delhi Sultanate by Qutubuddin Aibak.
1175 - 1206
Delhi Sultanate
1205 - 1526
Ilbary Dynasty. Assassination of Muhammad Ghori, beginning of
Turk rule in India.
1206 - 1290
Establishment of Delhi Sultanate by Qutubuddin Aibak. Establishment of Delhi’s first ruling dynasty.
1206
Death of Qutubuddin Aibak. Ascension of Aram Shah.
1210
The reign of Sultan Iltumish.
1211 - 36
Iltumish’s daughter, Razia Sultan became the first and last female ruler of India. Death of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti.
1236 - 40
Reign of Sultan Naseeruddin Mahmud. Death of Baba Fareed.
1246 - 65
Reign of Sultan Balban.
1246 - 65
Venetian merchant, Marco Polo travels to India. Qaiqabaad dies.
1288 - 93
Khilji Dynasty
1290-1320
Establishment of Khilji dynasty through Sultan Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji.
Alauddin Khilji’s invasion on Devgiri (1294).
1290 - 98
Alauddin Khilji attacked Gujarat in 1299, Ranthambore in 1301,
Chittaur in 1302 and Malva in 1305. In 1306, through the leadership of Malik Kafur, Alauddin’s forces attacked Deccan. In 1302, a new capital Siri (Delhi) was established. Death of Malik Kafur.
1296 - 1316
Shahabuddin Umar - Reign of Qutubuddin Mubarak and Naseeruddin
Khusrau. End of Khilji dynasty in the year 1320.
1316 - 20
Tughlaq dynasty
1320-1414
The founder of Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (Ghazi
Malik). Second victorious Southern campaign led by Muhammad Jonah Khan (Later, Muhammad bin Tughlaq). The Fusion of Kaktiyas and Panda as in Delhi Sultanate during 1321 - 23.
1320 - 25
In 1327, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered to move his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. Issuance of Leather Tokens in 1329.
1325 - 51
Successive Tughlaq Dynasty. Attack of Mongol leader Taimur in the
reign of Sultan Naseeruddin Mahmud and Demolition of Delhi (1398).
1388 - 1414
Syed Dynasty
1414-1526
Establishment of Syed Dynasty - Khiz Khan (1414 - 1421),
Mubarak Khan (1421 - 1434), Muhammad Shah (1434 - 1444) and Alauddin Alam Shah, Niccolò de’ Conti, an Italian merchant visited to India. Lodi Dynasty.
1414 - 1451
Behlol Lodi (1451 - 89), Sikander Lodi (1489 - 1517), Ibrahim Lodi
(1517 - 26) last ruler of Lodi Dynasty, defeated Babur in the first battle of Panipat.
1451 - 1526
Establishment of independent state of Gujarat by Muzzaffar Shah
(1392 - 1410), Ahmed Shah (1411 - 43) founder of Ahmedabad Nagar, Muhammad Shah (1443 - 51), Ahmed Shah II (1451 - 58), Mahmud Begada (1458 - 1511) and Muzzaffar Shah (1511 - 26).
1392 - 1526
Farooqui Dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate
1390 - 1531
Establishment of Farooqui Dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate by Rajab
Khan. Sultan of Malwa (1401 - 1531)
1390 - 1417
Establishment of Ghori Dynasty in Malwa by Dilawar Khan.
1401 - 1435
Capital of Malwa established in Mandu by Khilji sultans.
1435 - 1531
Alauddinin Hussain Shah was an unforgettable ruler of Bengal. It was
under his reign when Chaitanya Mahaprabhu gave did sermon and durin this time the extraordinary development of the Bengali literature took place. A contemporary hindu writer compared and called Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah as an incarnation of Krishna.
1493-1519
End of Chalukya Dynasty of Kalyani and the rise of Yadavas of Devagiri.
1189
Yadavas of Devagiri - this kingdom was established by Bhillam. The last
ruler of Devagiri was Ramachandra. In 1311, during his reign, Devagiri was annexed to the Delhi Sultanate.
1189 - 1311
Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal (Andhra Pradesh) - Kakatiya ruler Ganpati
(1198 - 1216) moved his capital from Hanamkonda to Warangal and he immensely supported sea trade. He was succeeded by his daughter Rudrama (1261 - 90). She became a well known administrator of medieval South India. The last ruler of the Kaktiya dynasty was Pratap Rudradeva. (1290 - 1322), In 1322, the Kaktiya dynasty was merged with Delhi Sultanate.
1126 - 132
Venetian merchant and traveler, Marco Polo traveled south in 1293. He
visited the historic Motupalli Port (1293).
1288 - 1293
The Chola Empire declined during the reign of Rajendra III (1293).
1279
The Pandyan Kingdom of Madurai - Maravarman Kulasekara
(1268 - 1310) was a powerful ruler of the Pandyan Kingdom. Marco Polo, during his visit described him as the best ruler. Tughlaq invasion on Madurai or Madura (Ma’bar) and in 1323, the Pandyan Kingdom was declared as a state of the Delhi Sultanate.
1216 - 1322
Establishment of Madurai dynasty by Jalaluddin Ahsan. He was the Tughlaqi governor of Madurai. In 1370, Madurai Sultanate was included in Vijayanagar.
1334 - 70
The Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra (at present, Halebidu in Mysore).
The Hoyasala Empire was merged with the Vijayanagar Empire.
1306 - 46
The first dynasty of Vijayanagar was known as Sangam dynasty. During
the reign of Harihara II (1377 - 1356), Goa and Konkan were merged into the Vijayanagar Empire. The reign of Deva Raya II (1426 - 46).
1336 - 1356
Saluva Narasimha (1465 - 90) initiated the second dynasty in Vijayanagar
along with the Saluva dynasty.
1336 - 1485
Establishment of the second Saluva dynasty through Saluva Narasimha.
1485 - 1490
Establishment of the third Tuluva dynasty by Viranarasimha.
1503 - 1569
Narasa Nayak and his son Viranarasimha established the third dynasty
(Tulava dynasty).
1509 - 70
The emperor of Vijayanagar, Sadasiva and his state representative
Rama Raya.
1542 - 70
Battle of Talikota in 1565. Decline of the Vijayanagar empire. Death of Rama Raya and capital of Vijayanagar dynasty being moved to Penukonda. Emperor Sadasiva Raya declared Penukonda as the temporary capital and Tirumala became his state representative
1565
Tirumala established the fourth dynasty of Vijayanagar - Aravidu dynasty
1570 - 1649
Ala-ud-din Hasab Bahaman Shah established the Bahamani dynasty.
1346
Gulbarga Period. The first capital of the Bahamani dynasty was
established in Gulbarga. It remained the capital of Bahamanis until 1422.
Later, it was transferred to Bidar. Sultan Feroze Shah (1397 - 1422) was the most important ruler of this period.
1347 - 1422
Bidar Period. Mahmud Gawan as Wazir and Waqil-us-Sultanate.
Conquest of Goa, Belgaum and Hubli from Vijayanagar. In 1481, he fell victim to the party politics and was sentenced to death.
1422 - 1518
Mahmud Gawan declared as the minister. Conquest of Goa, Belgaum and Hubli. Secret expansion of Mahmud Gawan.
1463 - 1481
Dissolution of the Bahamani dynasty and emergence of five Bahamani
successor states.
1482 - 1518
The Nizamshahi Kingdom of Ahmednagar - Foundation of this Kingdom
by Malik Ahmed Bari in 1490. The reign of Nizam Shah Wazir Ambar
(1600 - 26), annexation of Ahmednagar to the Mughal Empire in 1633
1490 - 1636
The Adilshahi Kingdom of Bijapur - Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of this kingdom (1490 - 1510). The kingdom was annexed to the Mughal Empire.
1490 - 1686
The Imadshahi Kingdom of Berar - Founded by Fataullah Khan
Imad-ul-Mulk (1490 - 1504). The kingdom was annexed to Ahmednagar in 1574.
1490 - 1574
The Qutbshahi Kingdom of Golconda - This kingdom was established by
Sultan Quli (1528 - 1543). Muhammad Quli Qutbshah (1580 - 1612) was a prominent ruler of this kingdom who constructed a new capital in Hyderabad. This kingdom was annexed to the Mughal Empire in the year 1687.
1518 - 1687
In 1498, Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut. Portuguese fleet under Cabral reached Calicut in the year 1500. Vasco da Gama began his second voyage to India in the year 1502. In the year 1509, Albuquerque succeeded him as the Viceroy. During this period, the Portuguese conquered Goa from the Adilshahi Sultan of Bijapur in the year 1510. In 1511, they conquered Malacca.
1498-1529
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat. Ibrahim Lodi was killed in the battle. Foundation of Mughal Empire In India
1526
Babur defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar in the battle of Khanua
1527
the battle of Chanderi
1528
The battle of Ghaghara
1529
Death of Babur
1530
The kingdom of Babur
1526-1530
The Kingdom of Humayun
In 1533, Humayun founded a new city in Delhi called Dinpanah. He invaded Malwa and Gujarat between 1534-35. Conquered Bengal in 1538. Defeated by Sher Shah Suri in the battle of Chausa in the year 1539, the battle of Bilgram in the year 1540. Exile during 1540-54. In 1555, Humayun regained control over the MUGHAL EMPIRE and return to INDIA. Death of Humayun in 1556. Death of the VISHNAVA saint, CHAITANYA
1530 - 56
The Kingdom of Islam Shah
Sher Shah Suri. After being defeated in the battle of SIRHIND by Humayun, leaves delhi
1538-45
The Kingdom of Akbar the Great
Defeated Hemu in the second battle of Panipat on 5th November 1556. Regency of Bairam Khan in 1556 - 60. Marriage of Akbar with the daughter of Amber’s King Bharmal in 1562. Abolishing of JEZIAH in 1564. In 1571, he decided to make Fatehpur Sikri his capital. Established Ibadan Khana at Fatepur Sikri in 1575. The battle of Haldighati and defeat of Maharana Pratap in 1576. Announcement of the famous infallibility decree called Mahazarnamah in 1579. In 1580, the first Jesuit Mission from Goa arrives at his court. Promulgation of the Din-i-ilahi mission and a Mughal ambassador sent to the Deccani states. In 1600, the Deccan expedition took place and Ahmednagar was seized. Prince Salim’s rebellion in the year 1600 -.2. Death of Akbar in October 1605, Agra
1556 - 1605
The Kingdom of Jahangir
Married Noor Jahan in 1611. First attack of the English in South India’s Masulipatam in 1611. Treaty with Rana Amar Singh of Mewar in 1614. Kandahar was recaptured by the Persians in 1622. Khurram’s rebellion in the year 1623. In 1624, Malik Ahmed of Ambar defeated the Mughal troops. In 1627, Jahangir dies in Lahore
1605 -27
The Kingdom of Shah Jahan
In 1632, he launched an expedition against the Portugese and destroyed
their settlement at Hooghly. Union of Ahmednagar with the Mughal Empire in the year 1633. First treaty with Bijapur and Golconda in 1636.
In 1636, Aurangzeb was appointed as the Viceroy of Deccan.
Establishment of Shahjahanabad as the new capital. Persians gain Kanadhar from Mughals and abortive Mughal campaigns to regain Kanadhar. Second treaty with Bijapur in 1657. War of Succession in 1658 Battle of Dharmat on 5 May, 1648. Aurangzeb imprisoned Shahjahan in Agra fort on 8 June, 1658. Death of Shahjahan in 1666.
1627 - 58
The kingdom of aurangzeb
Formal coronation of Aurangzeb in Delhi on 31 July, 1658. In March
1659, Dara Shikoh was sentenced to death. Mir Jumla invaded Assam in 1660. Shivaji concluded a treaty of Purandhar with Mughals in 1672. Satnami and Afridi rebellions. Shivaji’s coronation at Raigarh in 1674. Execution of Sikh Guru Teg Bahadur. Mughal invasion of Marwar in 1679. Rebellion of Prince Akbar in 1681. Aurangzeb arrive in the Deccan in search of his fugitive son Akbar. Annexation of Bijapur to the Mughal Empire in 1686. Annexation of Golconda to the Mughal Empire in 1687. Jat Rebellion near Agra. In 1686, Shivaji’s successor Shambhaji was captured and sentenced to death. Shambhaji’s son, Sahu was imprisoned in the year 1689. In 1707, Aurangzeb died in Ahmednagar.
1658 - 1707
The Successor Mughal Dynasty
Bahadur Shah I
Shahjahan
the rise of Farukhsiyar and Syed brothers
Muhammed Shah - the decline of syed Brothers in 1720. Bengal under the leadership of Aliwardi Khan in 1748 - 49, attack of Bihar
The invasion of Nadirshah
The invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali and conquest of Lahore
Alamgir II, subsequent invasion of India by Ahmed Shah Abdali and the sack of Delhi. The Assassination of Alamgir II in 1759. Shah Alam II
Shah Alam II
1707 - 12
1712 - 13
1713 - 19
1719 - 48
1739
1748
1754 - 59
1759 - 1806
The Maratha Kingdom
Shivaji’s father Shahji in the service of Ahmednagar.
1626 - 33
Shahji presents himself during the service of Bijapur. In 1648, Shahji was arrested during the seige of Gingi. In 1649, Shahji was released after 10 months. From 1649 to 1665, he was given charge of the province of Bangalore. During this period, he made extensive conquests in Bangalore.
He died on 23 January, 1664.
1636 - 64
Shivaji was born on 19 February, 1630. He was entrusted the ancestral
property of Poona and Supa under the regency of his mother Jijabai and tutor Dadaji Kondadeva. In 1648, he started to rule the kingdom independently. He invaded the Adilshahis of Bijapur and the areas in their kingdom. In 1659, Adilshahi Amir Afzal Khan was assassinated in Pratapgarh by Shivaji (Afzal Khan Affair). During 1659 - 1660, Shivaji captured Panhala from Bijapur and conquered North and South Konkon from the Mughals. In 1663, he attacked Shaista Khan at Poona, who was the Mughal Viceroy of the Deccan. Sack of Surat in 1664, in 1665, he was defeated by Sawai Jai Singh. The attack of Mughals and Shivaji in Agra’s imperial court, and his imprisonment. His escape from Agra in August
1666. The third sack of Surat in 1673. On 15 June, 1674, Shivaji’s coronation was held in Raigarh and Swarajya was established. Shivaji died in 1680. Treaty of Purandhar with Mughals through Shivaji.
1630 - 80
Shambhaji - the son and successor of Shivaji. In March 1689, Shambhaji was held captive along with his family and infant son Sahu by the Mughals.
1680 - 89
Rajaram - Death of Rajaram in March 1700.
1689 - 1700
Tarabai, the widow of Rajara, was made the regent of their son, Shivaji II.
The release of Rajaram’s son from Mughal captivity and his arrival in Deccan. Civil War in the Deccan and the Battle of Khed amongst the supporters of Sahu and Tarabai in November 1707. Division of Maratha Kingdom into two sub states. Sahu takes over Satara and Tarabai along with Shivaji II obtain Kolhapur kingdom. In 1707, Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath joins Sahu.
1700 - 1707
Coronation of Sahu as Chhatrapati, Balaji Vishwanath conferred the title of Senakarte (the maker of the army).
1708
Balaji Vishwanath being promoted to Peshwa.
1708 - 20
Bajirao I Peshwa’s northward expansion of the Marathas.
1720 - 40
Balaji Bajirao on the post of Peshwa. The death of Chhatrapati Sahu.
The coronation of Rajaram as Chhatrapati in 1749. Further northward expansion of the Marathas. The battle of Plassey (1757).
1740 - 61
The third battle of Panipat, defeat of Marathas by Ahmed Shah, the death of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, the coronation of Madhava Rao Peshwa under the protection of Raghunath ‘Rao’. The decline of Pondicherry and the rise of Shah Alam as the ruler. Shuja-ud-Daulah, the nawab of Awadh became the minister, the rise of Haider Ali as the ruler of Mysore (1761-62).
1761
Acquisition of the Maratha Kingdom by Madhava Rao, Raghunath Rao planning to seek help from Nizam.
1762
Expulsion of Bengal’s Nawab Mir Kasim and re-coronation of Mir Zafar
Raghunath Rao regains power and imprisonment of Madahava Rao.
1763
The Battle of Buxar. The defeat of the combined army of Shah Alam, Shuja-ud-Daulah and Mir Kasim by the English.
1764
As per the treaty of Allahabad, through Shah Alam II, East India Company was granted Diwani rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Clive was appointed as the British Governor of Bengal. The death of Mir Zafar.
1765
The Northern government coast of Nizam was merged with the English State.
1766
Clive’s reappointment as the governor of Bengal. End of Clive’s tenure and Verelst’s appointment as Bengal’s governor.
1765 - 67
First Anglo-Mysore war. Sack of Madras by Haider Ali and commitment towards a protective treaty.
1767 - 69
Haider Ali attacked by the Marathas. Marathas’ occupation of Delhi and reinstatement of Shah Alam by the Marathas, who was then under the protection of the English in Allahabad.
1771
Warren Hastings was appointed as the governor of Bengal. End of dual government in Bengal, death of Madhava Rao Peshwa.
1772
The Regulating Act was passed, through which administration of the East India Company was brought under the control of the British Parliament
1773
Recapturing of Rohilkhand by the Marathas, help of Rohillas by the Nawab of Awadh.
1774
Establishment of Supreme Court in Kolkata. Battle between the Nawab of Awadh and the Rohillas. Death of Hafiz Rehmat Khan, the regent of Rohillas and the merger of Rohilkhan with the Awadh state. Warren Hastings was appointed as the first Governor-General.
1775
Nandkumar, who brought charges against Warren Hastings and accused of bribery was convicted and sentenced to death by the Begums of Awadh. The first Anglo-Maratha war.
1775
Treaty of Purandhar, a doctrine signed by Raghunath Rao and the English.
1776
Conclusion of the battle of Badhgaon between the Marathas and the British.
1779
The second battle of Mysore. As per the treaty of Mangalore, both parties must agree to return to the conquered territory.
1780 - 84
King of Banaras, Chait Singh was removed from power by the British.
Establishment of Madrasa in Kolkata by Warren Hastings.
1781
Through the help of the British, Asaf-ud-daulah looted the Begums of Awadh. Treaty of Salbai between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company. The death of Haider Ali.
1782
Tips Sultan succeeded as the ruler of Mysore.
1782 - 99
The India Bill drafted by Fox which proposed that British India and the British governors in India will be granted more rights.
1783
The general was granted more rights, The treaty of Mangalore signed by Tipu Sultan and the Britishers, through which it was decided that the Britishers will not help the enemies of Tipu Sultan. In turn, Tipu Sultan will leave the areas occupied by the Britishers. Pitt’s India Act was passed.
Establishment of Board of Control for the East India Company.
Establishment of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.
1784
Earl Cornwallis was appointed as the Governor-General. Enhancement of
the Cornwallis Code.
1786 - 93
Treaty between the Marathas and Nizam, Marathas benefited from this treaty.
1786
Occupation of Delhi by Ghulam Qadir Rohilla and Shah Alam II was
blinded.
1788
Impeachment of Warren Hastings. Control of Marathas over Delhi. Tipu
Sultan’s invasion of Travancore.
1788 - 89
The third battle of Mysore, in which the Britishers along with the Marathas and Nizam opposed Tipu by formulating a tripartite agreement.
Tipu had to cede half of his kingdom. Ranjit Singh became the chief of the Sikh Group and took over the position of his father, establishment of Sanskrit College in Varanasi by English resident Jonathan.
1790 - 92
Sir John Shore was appointed as the Governor-General. Permanent settlement of Bengal. Renewal of East India Company’s charter for 20 years.
1793 - 98
Mahadaji Shinde’s death in Poona.
1794
Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas.
1795
Bajirao II - promoted to the seat of Peshwa.
1796
Death of Asaf-ud-Daulah’s, the nawab of Awadh and Succession of Wazir Ali.
1797
Wazir Ali, the nawab of Awadh descended from throne and replaced by Saadat Ali. Coronation of Saadat Ali. Governor-General Lord Wellesley.
1798
British attack on Tipu Sultan’s kingdom. The fourth battle of Mysore, seiged Serinrangapatam. Death of Tipu. Ranjit Singh appointed as the governor of Lahore through Jaman Shah. Establishment of Christian Mission in Serampore by William Carey.
1799
Death of Nana Fadnavis. Establishment of Fort William College.
1800
Fusion of some sub-states of Awadh and Mysore in the British Empire.
1801
Defeat of joint forces of Scindia and Peshwa by Holkar. Peshwa Bajirao’s escape to Bassien and an appeal to be a refuge. Treaty of Bassien with the British.
1802
Lord Lake’s attempt to occupy Bhatarpur failed. Second Anglo-Maratha battle.
1803
George Barlow appointed as the Governor-General.
1805 - 07
Muhammad Akbar II became the successor of his father, the Mughal King
Shah Aalm.
1806 - 1837
Lord Minto appointed as the Governor-General - first Governor-General.
1807 - 13
Treaty of Amritsar - permanent friendship treaty signed by Ranjit Singh and the Britishers. Conquest of Kangra by Ranjit Singh.
1809
Lord Hastings - the Governor-General of India. Subsequent renewal of
the Company’s charter.
1813 - 23
The Gorkhas surrendered the sub-states of Kumaon and Garwhal to the
British as a result of the Anglo-Nepalese war.
1814 - 16
Pindari War, defeat of Peshwas in the battle of Khadki.
1817 - 18
Reformation of Brahmo Samaj by Debendranath Tagore, father of
Rabindranath Tagore.
1817 - 1905
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who later on went on to establish Aligarh Muslim
University.
1817 - 98
Last Anglo-Maratha battle. Friendship of British with the Scindia and Holkar states. Publication of the first Bengali Newspaper ‘Samachar Darpan’ through Serampore’s Christian Mission.
1818
Elphinstone appointed as the governor of Bombay.
1819 - 27
Munro - the governor of Madras. Establishment of Sanskrit College
in Poona.
1820 - 1827
Lord Amherst - the Governor-General of India.
1823 - 28
Military rebellion in Barrackpore. Indian soldiers killed for demanding more salary to fight in Burma.
1824
The first Battle of Burma. Treaty of Arakan and Tenasserim.
1824 - 26
British occupation of Assam.
1826
Lord William Bentinck appointed as the governor.
1828 - 35
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Sabha, Sati System, suppressed Thuggee.
1829
Raja Ram Mohan Roy visited England.
1830 - 33
King of Mysore was dismissed by the English and the administration was taken over by East India Company. Meeting of Ranjit Singh and William Bentinck in Ropar.
1831
Jaintiya (Eastern Mountain Region) merged with the British Empire.
1832
The end of East India Company’s trade rights. Centralization of legislative powers, formulation of constitution of legislative committee in India.
1833
Union of Coorg with the British Empire. Macaulay became the legislative member of the government. The British government constituted the Tea Committee in India. Formation of Agra province.
1834
Macaulay’s proposal regarding education. English became the national
language in place of Persian. A new trend was initiated by the Company where the names of Mughals were replaced with the Company’s name on coins.
1835 - 36
Lord Auckland was appointed as the Governor-General.
1836 - 42
Bahadur Shah II became the successor of Akbar II.
1837
A tripartite pact was signed amongst Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the English
1838
The death of Ranjit Singh. Implementation of a new treaty on the Emirs by the Company. Initiation of the construction of the Grand Trunk Road from Kolkata to Delhi. Enthronement of Shah Shuja as the Emir of Kabul.
1839
The first Anglo-Afghan Battle.
1839 - 42
Self surrender by Afghan Emir’s friend, Muhammad.
1840
Lord Ellenborough was announced as the Governor-General.
1842
Reinstatement of Muhammad as the Emir of Afghanistan. British Conquest of Sindh. Ban of Slavery in British India.
1843
Lord Harding was appointed as the Governor-General. Lord Harding
decided to appoint Indians educated from English Schools for government services.
1844 - 48
First Anglo - Sikh Battle.
1845
Defeat of the Sikh army and signing of Lahore treaty…
1846
Establishment of an engineering college in Roorkee.
1847
Lord Dalhousie was appointed as the Governor-General. Fusion of Satara with the British Empire. Rebellion of Multan. Second Sikh Battle.
1848 - 56
Defeat of the Sikhs and Fusion of Punjab with the British Empire, Calcutta Girls’ School for Hindus was founded by Bethune.
Lord Dalhousie’s proposal to end the Mughal Empire of Delhi.
1849
Second Anglo-Burma Battle. Rangoon and Paigu were annexed to the
British Empire.
1852
Initiation of Railway service from Bombay to Thane. Telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra. Annexation of Nagpur and Jhansi. Nizam dedicated divisions of Berar’s areas to the British. Beginning of competitive exams for Civil Services.
1853
Sir Charles Wood’s dispatch on Education. Santhal rebellion (1855).
1854
Awadh’s Santhal Rebellion was annexed to the British Empire. The
University Act. Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act.
1856
Lord Kenning was appointed as the Governor-General and Viceroy.
1856 - 62
Establishment of Universities in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Rebellion broke out in Meerut on 10th May, 1857.
1857
Queen Victoria’s proclamation through which the rule of East India Company in India came to an end and the rule was transferred under the British Crown of British India.
1858
Uproar caused by Indigo cultivators in Bengal. Indian Council High Court
Act, initiation of Archaeological survey in India.
1859 - 61
Penal Code Practices. Annexation of Supreme Court and Sadar Adalat to High Court.
1862
Lord Elgin I was made the Governor-General and Viceroy of India. Death
of Amir’s friend Muhammed in Afghanistan. The battle of Succession in Afghanistan.
1862 - 63
Sir John Lawrence was appointed as the Viceroy. Beginning of Telegraph communication services with Europe. Ambala Conference with Amir She in 1869.
1864 - 69
Financial settlement of Lord Mayo. Beginning of Telegraph communication services through the Red Sea.
1870
Kuka Movement in Punjab. Lord Mayo killed by Muhammad Sher Ali in Andaman.
1872
The Blavastky Society was founded by Blavastky and Olcott.
Establishment of Arya Samaj by Swami Dayanand
1875
Factory Act, Hunter Commission Report for School Education (1882).
1881
Ilbert Bill Controversy.
1883
First session of Indian National Congress convened at Bombay on 28th December.
1885
Burma was annexed to the British Empire. Establishment of Deva Samaj.
1886
Lord Lansdowne took over as the Viceroy (until 1894).
1888
Establishment of Ramakrishna Paramhans Mission by Vivekananda.
1896
Establishment of the Servants of India Society. The division of Bengal.
Lord Minto II took over as the Viceroy.
1905 - 10
The All India Muslim League was founded at Dhaka (31 December).
Announcement of Swaraj by Congress.
1906
The division of Surat. Establishment of the Theosophical Society.
Lala Lajpat Rai deported in Mandel Prison.
1907
The Newspaper Act. Khudiram Bose was executed.
1908
Minto-Morley Reforms or the Indian Council Act. Indian Press Act was
passed (1910).
1909
Commemoration of Delhi Darbar and coronation ceremony in which the Bengal division was discarded. New Delhi became the capital of India.
1911
Viceroy Lord Hardinge was bombed when he was entering the State
Procession in Delhi.
1912
The Ghadr Party was founded in San Francisco, which planned a conspiracy to rebel against and end the British rule in India.
1913
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was released after a long period of imprisonment.
The beginning if World War I. A merchant ship named Komagota Moru arrived at Budge Budge outside Calcutta and firing began at the passengers.
1914
Gandhi arrived in India. The death of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
1915
Tilak established the Indian Home Rule League. Headquarters at Pune.
Another Home Rule League was founded by Annie Beasant.
Establishment of Banaras Hindu University by Pandit Mohan Madan Malviya.
1916
Beginning of the Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar by Mahatma Gandhi to address the complaints by farmers regarding Indigo cropping. Annie Beasant was detained by the government of Madras. Beginning of Trade Union Movement in India.
1917
The first All India Depressed Classes Conference was initiated. Rowlatt (Rajdroh) Committee presented its report. Rowlatt Bill was presented on
16 February, 1919.
1918
The first Indian strike on the Rowlatt Act. General Dyer instructed for a curfew, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, a terrifying massacre in Amristsar.
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms in the House of Commons and Government of India Act, 1919 was passed.
1919
The first Trade Union Federation, All India Trade Union Congress.
Establishment of Aligarh Muslim University. Indian National Congress passed resolution of Non-Cooperation.
1920
Narendra Mandal, Malabar Rebellion, arrival of Prince of Wales in India. a Census was held in India after ten years.
1921
The sacrifice of Montagu. Violent events in Chauri Chauri incident on
5 February, 1922 and then through the Bardoli Resolution, the Non-Cooperation Movement was postponed on 12 February, 1922.
Mahatma Gandhi was arrested. Visva-Bharati University was established by Rabindranath Tagore. Another Mopala Rebellion on Malabar coast.
1922
Motilal Nehru and other people joined hands together to form Swaraj Party.
1923
First session by India’s Samyavadi Party in Kanpur.
1924
Death of Deshbandhu Chitranjan Das. A train was looted near Kakori Railway Station - Kakori Conspiracy
1925
Death of Swami Shraddhanand, a great minister of Arya Samaj.
1926
Simon Commission was set up in India by the British Prime Minister to examine the effects and operations of the constitutional reforms and to suggest more reforms for India.
1927
Simon Commission was introduced to India. In Nehru Report, there was an appeal for a new dominion status and a federal set-up of government for the constitution of India. During 28th - 30th August, 1928, there was a discussion held about Nehru report in a conference amongst all parties.
The death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
1928
Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed to restrict the marriage of girls below the age of 14 and boys below the age of 18, which came into action in 1930. In the Muslim Conference of all parties, Jinnah prepared a
‘14 Points of Demand’ under his leadership. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt bombed the Central Legislative Assembly. Death of Jatin Das in prison after fasting for 64 days. Lord Irwin announced that the purpose of British policy is to provide India a Dominion status. In an annual session held in Lahore by the Indian National Congress, the goal for India was ‘Purna Swaraj’.
1929
Jawahar Lal Nehru hoisted the tricolor for India’s independence on the banks of Ravi river. The first Independence Day was celebrated by Congress. A conference was held by the Indian National Congress in Sabarmati and the Civil Disobedience Movement was approved. Mahatma Gandhi rebelled against the British salt monopoly and began the historic Dandi March (12 March - 5 April) along with the Civil Disobedience Movement. The first Roundtable Conference was held in London to discuss upon the report of the Simon Commission for the Indian constitutional structure.
1930
Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. The end of Civil Disobedience Movement.
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were executed. Beginning of the second Roundtable Conference. Mahatma Gandhi’s departure to London to participate in this (12 September). The second phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement. British government took positive action against Indian National Congress and its ministers. Indian National Congress was declared as illegal.
1931
Gandhi Ji was arrested and imprisoned without any case court. The British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald announced separate electorate for Harijans and declared the Communal Award. In prison, Gandhi Ji rebelled against the communal decision and began his historic ‘Hunger Strike’ and ended it on 26 September after the Poona Pact when the reserved seats for the separate electorate for Harijans were declared. The third Roundtable Conference began in London (From 17 November to 24 December).
1932
Gandhiji separated himself from active politics and participated in creative programmes (1934 - 39). The Civil Disobedience Movement was taken back, correction in the Factory Act, devastating earthquake in Bihar, a joint committee was held to discuss Constitutional Reforms in India, reconstitution of the Royal Indian Navy.
1933
Government of India Act (1935) was passed.
1935
In 1935, elections were held under the Government of India Act. Indian National Congress participated in the elections and was elected in seven provinces. Division of Burma from India (1937).
1937
Haripura session of Indian National Congress. Subhash Chandra Bose was elected as the President of Congress.
1938
Tripura session of Indian National Congress. Subhash Chandra Bose
resigned from the post of President of Congress. Second World War (September 1) Great Britain declared war with Germany, the Viceroy declared that India will also participate in the war. In provinces, the Congress governments resigned to rebel against the war policy formulated by the British government. Muslim League and Baba Sahib Ambedkar rejoiced at the resignation of Congress party and celebrated it as ‘Day of Deliverance’.
1939
During its Lahore session, Muslim League passed the Pakistan proposal.
Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of England. Congress started the Individual Satyagraha Movement.
1940
Death of Rabindranath Tagore. Subhash Chandrabose got away from India to Berlin.
1941
Churchill declared the Cripps Mission. Arrival of Sir Stafford Cripps in Delhi (23 March), Indian National Congress didn’t accept the proposals of Cripps aur failure of Cripps’ negotiation (10 April). Meeting of Indian National Congress was held in Bombay. In this meeting, the Quit India Movement was confirmed (Quit India Movement was passed in Wardha by Indian National Congress). Gandhi Ji and other Congress ministers were arrested
1942
In Karachi’s session of Muslim League, the quote ‘Divide and Rule’ was passed.
1943
Appointment of Lord Wavell as the Governor-General and Viceroy (1944-47). Wavell formed Simla Conference to form executive council of Indian political leaders.
1944
Indian National Army filed lawsuits against fighters on 5 November.
Boycott of the Muslim League in the first meeting of Constituent Assembly.
1945
Rebellion of the marines in Bombay, India. The British Prime Minister Attlee declared to send the Cabinet Mission to present the new solution to the Indian dead-end, arrival of the mission in New Delhi (24 March).
Declaration of the Cabinet Mission on 16 May.
1946
According the declaration of the British government, the British government will leave India before June 1948. Lord Mountbatten pledged (From 24 March to 21 June, 1948) as the last British Viceroy and Governor-General of India. Mountbatten’s plan to divide India and declaration (4 June) of transfer of British power on 15th August. The Indian Independence Bill was presented in British House of Commons and was passed by the British Parliament (15 July). The rise of India’s independence. With regard to obtaining power for the administration of India, the Legislative Assembly of India passed the resolution and stamped upon the appointment of Lord Mountbatten as the Governor of the Dominion of India. In New Delhi, the Constituent Assembly celebrated India as an independent nation in a simple ceremony during midnight. Through India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the names of States were broadcasted by All India Radio’s centre situated in Delhi. As the Governor-General of the Indian Dominion, Lord Mountbatten addressed the Constituent Assembly. The first council of ministers was formed in independent India during which Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India.
1947
As a result of the division, communal riots took place during which Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by intolerant hindu Nathuram Godse
(30 January), Rajgopalachari was appointed as the first Governor-General of India (21 June), death of Jinnah (11 September), Hyderabad was annexed to India (September-October).
1948
The newly formed Indian Constitution was approved.
1949
Amendment of the Constitution of India (26 January), Dr Rajendra Prasad became the first president of the first Indian union.
1950
