History (Test 1) Flashcards
At the time of the Spanish conquest, the economies of most of the Native Americans in south and Central America and Mexico were based on
Agricultural
What Indian empire dominated modern Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest?
Aztec
What was the eastern third of what is now the U. S inhibited by?
Woodland Indians
What were Indian societies in North America like?
They tended to divide tasks according to gender
Paralleling the rise of commerce in Europe, and in part responsible for it was
The rise of United and powerful nation states
What was a a partly result of Columbus voyages from Spain?
Replaced Portugal as the foremost seafaring nation
What did the conquistadors make possible through daring, brutality, and greed?
They made possible the creation of a Spanish empire in America
What happened with the Indians conversion to Catholicism?
Most natives continued to practice their own religions
What was the first and perhaps most profound result of the native and European culture?
Importation of European diseases
What was more important to Europe than gold and silver found in the New World?
Importation of new crops that could feed larger numbers of people
What was it like in matrilineal Indian and African societies?
Women play a major, often dominant role.
When did the African slave trade begin?
As early as the eighteenth century
In the sixteenth century the market for Slaves grew dramatically as a result of what?
The rise of European demand for super cane
What was all the English incentives for colonization?
To escape religious strife at home
To escape the economic transformation of the country side
To find new markets for English products
What could a nation easily be made strong by?
Exporting more than importing
Members of the Church of England in Ireland, the English believed that
Puritans
As a result of their experiences in ireland, the English believed that
They must retain a rigid separation from the native population
What country produced the most successful fur traders and trappers?
France the French
What was the first permanent English settlement?
Jamestown, Virginia
Who was the man whom Queen Elizabeth granted the land on which the “lost colony” was planted?
Walter Raleigh
Land bridge
A bridge that crosses over the Bering straight into what is now Alaska, approximately 11,000 years ago
Incas
A small tribe in the mountainous region of Cuzco, the created the largest empire in America
Maya’s
An area in Central America and in the yuca tan peninsula of Mexico
Aztecs
The society’s of the maya regions were superseded by other American tribes
Woodland Indians
Inhabited people in the U. S
Matrilineal
An indiansual that considered to belong to the same accent group as his/her mom
Prince Henry (the navigator)
A navigator who wanted to explore the western coast of Africa he wanted a Christian empire there to air his countries war against the moors of Northern Africa; and hoped to find new stores of Gold
Bartholmey Dias
A Portuguese explorer that sailed around the southern most tip in Africa in 1448, first European reaching Indian Ocean
Christopher Columbus
An Italian explorer navigator and citizen of the republic of Genoa, he completed 4 voyages over the Atlantic Ocean
Vasisco de balboa
Discovered Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522
Conquistador
Portuguese or Spanish conquerors “soldiers or explores of the Spanish empire
Hernando Cortez
A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico
Francisco Pizarro
A Spanish conquistador who conducted the Incan empire
Hernando desoto
A Spanish explorer and conquistador who lead the first European expedition
Papal line of demarcation
A line of democratization between Portugal and the crown Of castle
Mestizo
A person of combined European and American decent, or someone who would have been deemed or castizo
Richard hakuyt
An English writer
English reformation
A series of events in England in the 16th century
Calvinist Puritans
People who purified the church
Church of England
An ancient church catholic and reformed
Separatist
A person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the bases of ethinsicity, religion, or gender
Elizabeth
Was the queen of England and ireland from November 17 1558 until her death
James I
The king of Scotland in 1567
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
The half brother of Sir Walter Rayleigh
Diantions
Large piece of land or water usually in a tropical or semitropical area
Enclose movement
A push in the 18th century and 19th century to take land that had formally been owned by all members of a village
Merchant capitalist
Referred to the earliest phase in the development of capitalism is an economic and social system
Mercantilism
Rested on the assumption that the nation as a whole was the principal actor in the economy, not the individuals within it
Course de Bois
Was an independent entrepreneur French Canadian woods man who traveled in New France and the interior of North America
Sir Francis drake
An English sea Capital privateer, navigator, slaver and polition of the Elizabeth era
Spanish Armada
A Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from Corunna in August 1588
Roanoke
An island known as the last colony established on Roanoke island, dare county today
Sir Walter Rayleigh
An English landed gentlemen, writer, poet, soilder, politician, countries, spy and explorer
Utopia
An imagined place in which everything is perfect
Who was the first to explore the north east coast of North American in 1497?
John Cabot
What happened when the population grew, more people out of work and less food being produced?
Surplus population
Enclosure movement
As demand for wool increased, landowners began converting farmlands to pastures, this meant the pastured had to be fenced to donation the sheep
What did the enclosure movement result in?
Large numbers of farmers and farm workers out of work
What was the goal of economics?
Increase total wealth of a nation
They believed the worlds wealth was
Finite
For countries to succeed what had to happen?
They must import as much wealth as possible from forgien lands and export as little wealth as possible
What would be the source of foreign wealth you need to import?
Colonies
What all would colonies provide?
Buyers for your products
A place to send your surplus population
A source of raw materials that had to be bought from other countries initially
Who wrote Protestant reformation in 1517?
Martin Luther
Protestant reformation
Beloved the bible, not the Catholic Church, was the authentic voice of God.
Salvation was achieved by Faith, not good works or the formal practice of religion.
John Calvin
Wrote the doctrine of predestination
Doctrine of predestination
God determined before birth who was saved And who was dammed
When a person lived a good life they did so because they were already saved, and when a person lived a evil life they did because they were already dammed
Henry VIII
Filed a divorce and the pope wouldn’t give him one so he created his own church with his own rules which was called the Church of England
His daughter Mary became queen when he died
Elizabeth was his youngest daughter
Church of England
Created by Henry VIII but catholic practices and rituals still remained
Mary
Henry VIII daughter
Known as Bloody Mary after she changed the church back to catholic and went on a rampage killing anyone who didn’t wanna be catholic
Elizabeth I
Daughter of Henry VIII
Queen of England for over 70 years
Covertly England back to the Church of England
Separates
Known as puritans
They wanted to “purify” the church if England by getting rid of the catholic elements
They worshiped as they pleased on their own congregations
James I
Ruled by divine right and made a lot of puritans mad with they way he ruled
In 1603
Who was England’s most formidable racial in America?
The French
Where were the French located?
Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, and Louisiana.
What did the French get from the Native American Indians
Adopted their ways, fur trappers, they were allied with them
Who was the dutches primary explorer?
Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson
Shelled New York (new amsterdamn)
The first settlement for the English was?
In 1587 by sir Walter Raleigh he established the colony on Roanoke island off the coast of North Carolina
Where were the Spanish located in America?
South and south west
They could threaten colonies along the coast with navy, but largely insignificant
What happened in 1588?
Phillip II lead the Spanish Armada against the English that was lead by queen Elizabeth England defeats done Spanish Armada
What was the result of the defeat of Spanish Armanda?
Gave England control of the new world oceans and all seas for 1588-1945
English were able to control the new world
What happened when Rayleigh returned to his colony?
The colony was deserted and “CROATOAN” was carved on a post
