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ANATOMY 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the substances that constitutes all matter?

A

Elements

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1
Q

True or false: the body is composed of chemicals

A

True

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2
Q

What four elements are most plentiful in the human body?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

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3
Q

What is an atom made up of

A

Nucleus, protons, electrons, neutrons

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4
Q

___ is a positively charged particle

A

Proton

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5
Q

___ is a particle that has no electrical charge

A

Neutron

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6
Q

___ is a negatively charged particle

A

Electron

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7
Q

How do you determine an elements atomic number?

A

The amount of protons in its nucleus

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8
Q

When atoms combine, they gain or lose ___.

A

Electrons

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9
Q

How do you determine the atomic weight of an atom?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

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10
Q

What do you call atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weights?

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

An atom is inactive if it is ___.

A

Stable

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12
Q

What do you call atoms or molecules that have an electric charge due to the gain or loss of electrons

A

Ions

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13
Q

What is an Ionic bond?

A

A bond where atoms GAIN or LOSE electrons

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14
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond where atoms SHARED electrons

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15
Q

An ionic bond is formed by ___.

A

A positive and negative ion attracting each other

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16
Q

In forming a covalent bond, electrons are___.

A

Shared by two atoms

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17
Q

___ is a bond where electrons are shared but not equally, which results in one atom being slightly positively charged and the other being slightly negatively charged

A

Polar bond

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18
Q

What is an example of a polar molecule?

A

Water

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19
Q

When two different elements bond, they form ___.

A

Compounds

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20
Q

C6H12O6 is an example of a ___ formula.

A

Molecular

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21
Q 
O  This is an example of a\_\_\_ formula
                        ||
       /\             C-------  /\
      |   |  ---N /              |   |
       \/           \              |   |
    //   \\         C--------  \/
   O N O         ||
       H            O
A

Structural

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22
Q

What are two major types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis and decomposition

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23
Q

___ is a type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product. Ex. A+B–> AB

A

Synthesis reaction

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24
___ is a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements Ex. AB--> A+B
Decomposition reaction
25
___ is a reaction in which two atoms or ions exchange places either in two different molecules or in the same molecule ex. AB+CD-->AD+BC
Exchange reaction
26
___ is a reaction that can proceed in either of two directions
Reversible reaction
27
What is anything that changes the rate of a reaction?
A Catalyst
28
___ are electrolytes that release hydrogen ion in water.
Acids
29
___ are electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions.
Bases
30
HCL=?
Acid
31
NAOH=?
Base (anytime OH is put together, it is a base)
32
What does pH measure the concentration of?
Hydrogen ions
33
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
34
An inorganic substance that releases ions when it reacts with water is called an ___.
Electrolyte
35
Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen are called ___.
Organic
36
Chemicals that don't include both carbon and hydrogen are called ___.
Inorganic
37
What are some organic chemicals?
Carbonhydrates, sugars, proteins, fats, nucleic acids
38
What are some inorganic chemicals?
Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salts
39
Carbonhydrate molecules contain atoms of ___, ___, and ___.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
40
Fat molecules contain ___ ___and ___.
Fatty acids, glycerol
41
What are fats primarily used for in our bodies?
Store energy
42
Fats, phospholipids, and steroids are important ___ found in the human cell
Lipids
43
Organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in ether and chloroform are called ___.
Lipids
44
___is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst.
Protein
45
In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, proteins also contain atoms of ___.
Nitrogen
46
What characteristics on protein determines its function?
It's shape
47
What are two types of nucleicacids?
DNA, RNA
48
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
Store information and control life processes
49
What are examples of some elements?
Iron, silver, gold, aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
50
Where are electrons located at in an atom?
In The electron shells around the nucleus
51
Unstable isotopes are ___, which mean they give off radiation.
Radioactive
52
What are radioactive isotopes Used for?
Treating cancer
53
What is the most common radioactive isotope?
Cobalt-60
54
If an atoms outer energy level is filled it is said to be ___.
Stable or inert
55
When 2 or more atoms Bond they form a ___.
Molecule
56
What is an example of a compound?
Water
57
What is a pH less than 7?
Acidic
58
What is a pH higher than 7?
Basic or alkaline
59
___ are a chemical that resist pH change
Buffers
60
___ is a solvent because many substances dissolve in it.
Water
61
What do you call a substance that dissolves in water?
Solute
62
Simple sugars are called ___.
Monosaccharides
63
What are examples of simples sugars?
Glucose and fructose
64
What are two important lipids?
Triglycerides, and phospholipids
65
Study diagram on page 45
.

anatomy (9 decks)

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