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anatomy > ANATOMY 2 > Flashcards

ANATOMY 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the substances that constitutes all matter?

A

Elements

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1
Q

True or false: the body is composed of chemicals

A

True

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2
Q

What four elements are most plentiful in the human body?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

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3
Q

What is an atom made up of

A

Nucleus, protons, electrons, neutrons

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4
Q

___ is a positively charged particle

A

Proton

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5
Q

___ is a particle that has no electrical charge

A

Neutron

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6
Q

___ is a negatively charged particle

A

Electron

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7
Q

How do you determine an elements atomic number?

A

The amount of protons in its nucleus

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8
Q

When atoms combine, they gain or lose ___.

A

Electrons

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9
Q

How do you determine the atomic weight of an atom?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

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10
Q

What do you call atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weights?

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

An atom is inactive if it is ___.

A

Stable

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12
Q

What do you call atoms or molecules that have an electric charge due to the gain or loss of electrons

A

Ions

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13
Q

What is an Ionic bond?

A

A bond where atoms GAIN or LOSE electrons

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14
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond where atoms SHARED electrons

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15
Q

An ionic bond is formed by ___.

A

A positive and negative ion attracting each other

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16
Q

In forming a covalent bond, electrons are___.

A

Shared by two atoms

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17
Q

___ is a bond where electrons are shared but not equally, which results in one atom being slightly positively charged and the other being slightly negatively charged

A

Polar bond

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18
Q

What is an example of a polar molecule?

A

Water

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19
Q

When two different elements bond, they form ___.

A

Compounds

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20
Q

C6H12O6 is an example of a ___ formula.

A

Molecular

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21
Q 
O  This is an example of a\_\_\_ formula
                        ||
       /\             C-------  /\
      |   |  ---N /              |   |
       \/           \              |   |
    //   \\         C--------  \/
   O N O         ||
       H            O
A

Structural

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22
Q

What are two major types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis and decomposition

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23
Q

___ is a type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product. Ex. A+B–> AB

A

Synthesis reaction

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24
Q

___ is a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements
Ex. AB–> A+B

A

Decomposition reaction

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25
Q

___ is a reaction in which two atoms or ions exchange places either in two different molecules or in the same molecule ex. AB+CD–>AD+BC

A

Exchange reaction

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26
Q

___ is a reaction that can proceed in either of two directions

A

Reversible reaction

27
Q

What is anything that changes the rate of a reaction?

A

A Catalyst

28
Q

___ are electrolytes that release hydrogen ion in water.

A

Acids

29
Q

___ are electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions.

A

Bases

30
Q

HCL=?

A

Acid

31
Q

NAOH=?

A

Base (anytime OH is put together, it is a base)

32
Q

What does pH measure the concentration of?

A

Hydrogen ions

33
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

A

7

34
Q

An inorganic substance that releases ions when it reacts with water is called an ___.

A

Electrolyte

35
Q

Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen are called ___.

A

Organic

36
Q

Chemicals that don’t include both carbon and hydrogen are called ___.

A

Inorganic

37
Q

What are some organic chemicals?

A

Carbonhydrates, sugars, proteins, fats, nucleic acids

38
Q

What are some inorganic chemicals?

A

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salts

39
Q

Carbonhydrate molecules contain atoms of ___, ___, and ___.

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

40
Q

Fat molecules contain ___ ___and ___.

A

Fatty acids, glycerol

41
Q

What are fats primarily used for in our bodies?

A

Store energy

42
Q

Fats, phospholipids, and steroids are important ___ found in the human cell

A

Lipids

43
Q

Organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in ether and chloroform are called ___.

A

Lipids

44
Q

___is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst.

A

Protein

45
Q

In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, proteins also contain atoms of ___.

A

Nitrogen

46
Q

What characteristics on protein determines its function?

A

It’s shape

47
Q

What are two types of nucleicacids?

A

DNA, RNA

48
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

Store information and control life processes

49
Q

What are examples of some elements?

A

Iron, silver, gold, aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

50
Q

Where are electrons located at in an atom?

A

In The electron shells around the nucleus

51
Q

Unstable isotopes are ___, which mean they give off radiation.

A

Radioactive

52
Q

What are radioactive isotopes Used for?

A

Treating cancer

53
Q

What is the most common radioactive isotope?

A

Cobalt-60

54
Q

If an atoms outer energy level is filled it is said to be ___.

A

Stable or inert

55
Q

When 2 or more atoms Bond they form a ___.

A

Molecule

56
Q

What is an example of a compound?

A

Water

57
Q

What is a pH less than 7?

A

Acidic

58
Q

What is a pH higher than 7?

A

Basic or alkaline

59
Q

___ are a chemical that resist pH change

A

Buffers

60
Q

___ is a solvent because many substances dissolve in it.

A

Water

61
Q

What do you call a substance that dissolves in water?

A

Solute

62
Q

Simple sugars are called ___.

A

Monosaccharides

63
Q

What are examples of simples sugars?

A

Glucose and fructose

64
Q

What are two important lipids?

A

Triglycerides, and phospholipids

65
Q

Study diagram on page 45

A

.

anatomy (9 decks)

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